Jewell Dennis E, Jackson Matthew I
Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Hill's Pet Nutrition, Topeka, KS 66601, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Dec 6;10(12):2310. doi: 10.3390/ani10122310.
There is a normal variation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the foods consumed both by the domestic cat and wild felines. This variation may lead to specific changes in metabolites and circulating fatty acids that influence health and response to disease. Therefore, in order to evaluate the response to these changes in dietary PUFA three foods were formulated: a complete and balanced control food (COF) with no enhanced source of added PUFA (ARA = 0.08%, EPA & DHA = 0.01%), Test food 1 (E&DF) like the COF with added eicosapentaenoic acid EPA and docosahexaenoic acid DHA (E&D = 0.36%)) from menhaden fish oil, and Test Food 2 (ARAF) like the COF with added arachidonic acid (ARA = 0.16%) from liver. All test foods had similar protein concentrations and similar vitamin and mineral concentrations while the PUFA supplemented foods had slightly higher fat concentrations. Cats ( = 36) were fed a pre-trial food for 28 days and then assigned to a group fed either the control, E&DF or ARAF for 56 days (12 cats per group). Blood samples were drawn and serum analyzed for fatty acids, albumin, urea, creatinine, cholesterol and triglycerides at the beginning of the study and after consuming the test foods for 28 and 56 days. Plasma was similarly analyzed for metabolomics. Increasing dietary E&D resulted in reduced cholesterol, betaine, dimethyl glycine, sarcosine and 4-ethylphenylsulfate. Increasing dietary ARA resulted in reduced betaine, dimethyl glycine and sarcosine and an increased concentration of indoleacetate, indolepropionate and indoleacetylglutamine. These data suggest a benefit of dietary single carbon metabolism support for cats supplemented with ARA or E&D. Moreover, the reduction in circulating cholesterol and triglycerides through dietary E&D supplementation could benefit cats with hyperlipidemia. Further research into the interrelationship between dietary PUFA and the gut microbe will benefit from the data showing that ARA increased specific positive postbiotics (i.e., indoleacetate, indolepropionate) while E&D supplementation showed the benefit of reducing some postbiotics which have been associated with reduced health (4-ethylphenylsulfate, 3-methyl catechol sulfate and 4-vinylphenol sulfate).
家猫和野生猫科动物所食用的食物中多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）存在正常变异。这种变异可能导致代谢物和循环脂肪酸发生特定变化，从而影响健康和对疾病的反应。因此，为了评估对饮食中PUFA这些变化的反应，配制了三种食物：一种完全平衡的对照食物（COF），没有添加额外的PUFA强化来源（花生四烯酸ARA = 0.08%，二十碳五烯酸EPA和二十二碳六烯酸DHA = 0.01%）；试验食物1（E&DF），与COF类似，但添加了来自鲱鱼油的二十碳五烯酸EPA和二十二碳六烯酸DHA（E&D = 0.36%）；试验食物2（ARAF），与COF类似，但添加了来自肝脏的花生四烯酸（ARA = 0.16%）。所有试验食物的蛋白质浓度、维生素和矿物质浓度相似，而添加了PUFA的食物脂肪浓度略高。36只猫先喂食预试验食物28天，然后分为三组，分别喂食对照食物、E&DF或ARAF 56天（每组12只猫）。在研究开始时以及食用试验食物28天和56天后采集血样，分析血清中的脂肪酸、白蛋白、尿素、肌酐、胆固醇和甘油三酯。对血浆进行类似的代谢组学分析。饮食中E&D增加导致胆固醇、甜菜碱、二甲基甘氨酸、肌氨酸和4-乙基苯硫酸盐减少。饮食中ARA增加导致甜菜碱、二甲基甘氨酸和肌氨酸减少，吲哚乙酸、吲哚丙酸和吲哚乙酰谷氨酰胺浓度增加。这些数据表明，对补充了ARA或E&D的猫，饮食中支持单碳代谢有益。此外，通过饮食补充E&D降低循环中的胆固醇和甘油三酯可能对高脂血症猫有益。饮食中PUFA与肠道微生物之间相互关系的进一步研究将受益于这些数据，即ARA增加了特定的有益后生元（即吲哚乙酸、吲哚丙酸），而补充E&D显示出减少一些与健康状况下降相关的后生元（4-乙基苯硫酸盐、3-甲基邻苯二酚硫酸盐和硫酸4-乙烯基苯酚）的益处。
