Department of Pathology, Northwest School of Medicine, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2020 Nov 30;14(11):1320-1326. doi: 10.3855/jidc.12487.
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a dismal disease exhibiting striking geographical differences in its incidence. It is multifactorial in origin. Among infectious agents, human papillomavirus (HPV) was introduced as a possible causative agent in the development of ESCC in 1982. Subsequent studies using various methods have confirmed the presence of HPV in ESCC. We aimed to determine the frequency of HPV in ESCC in northwest Pakistan which is part of high risk belt for this disease.
This study was conducted on two hundred and forty-three (243) diagnosed cases of ESSC at two tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan, from 2011 to 2016. DNA was extracted from all specimens. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to check the quality of DNA using β-globin primers and frequency and genotypes of HPV using HPV general primers and type-specific primers respectively. HPV and its genotypes were confirmed through the sequencing of a few selected cases.
Two hundred and three (203) tissue specimens had adequate DNA and were further analyzed. HPV positivity with general primers alone was 15.7% (32/203). Using HPV general primers and type-specific primers (HPV 16 or HPV 18), the overall positivity of HPV was 31% (63/203). For type-specific primers, frequency of HPV types 16 and 18 was 20.19% (41) and 7.8% (16) respectively where 6 cases were positive for both HPV 16 and 18.
The overall high prevalence of HPV indicates it as a possible risk factor for ESSC.
食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）是一种发病率存在明显地域差异的恶性疾病，其发病具有多因素性。在感染因子中，人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）于 1982 年被认为是 ESCC 发展的可能致病因素。随后，使用各种方法的研究证实了 HPV 存在于 ESCC 中。我们旨在确定 HPV 在巴基斯坦西北部 ESCC 中的频率，该地区是该疾病高危带的一部分。
本研究于 2011 年至 2016 年在巴基斯坦白沙瓦的两家三级护理医院对 243 例经诊断的 ESCC 患者进行，从所有标本中提取 DNA。聚合酶链反应（PCR）使用β-球蛋白引物检查 DNA 质量，使用 HPV 通用引物和 HPV 型特异性引物分别检查 HPV 的频率和基因型。通过对少数选定病例的测序来确认 HPV 及其基因型。
203 份组织标本有足够的 DNA，进一步进行分析。HPV 阳性率单独使用通用引物为 15.7%（32/203）。使用 HPV 通用引物和 HPV 型特异性引物（HPV 16 或 HPV 18），HPV 的总阳性率为 31%（63/203）。对于 HPV 型特异性引物，HPV 16 和 18 的频率分别为 20.19%（41）和 7.8%（16），其中 6 例同时为 HPV 16 和 18 阳性。
HPV 的总体高流行率表明其可能是 ESCC 的一个危险因素。
