Shnaiderman-Torban Anat, Navon-Venezia Shiri, Paitan Yossi, Archer Holly, Abu Ahmad Wiessam, Bonder Darryl, Hanael Erez, Nissan Israel, Zizelski Valenci Gal, Weese Scott J, Steinman Amir
The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
BMC Vet Res. 2020 Dec 9;16(1):479. doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02701-z.
We aimed to investigate the prevalence, molecular epidemiology and prevalence factors for Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) shedding by race horses. A cross-sectional study was performed involving fecal samples collected from 169 Thoroughbred horses that were housed at a large racing facility in Ontario, Canada. Samples were enriched, plated on selective plates, sub-cultured to obtain pure cultures and ESBL production was confirmed. Bacterial species were identified and antibiotic susceptibility profiles were assessed. E. coli sequence types (ST) and ESBL genes were determined using multilocus sequence type (MLST) and sequencing. Whole genome sequencing was performed to isolates harboring CTX-M-1 gene. Medical records were reviewed and associations were investigated.
Adult horses (n = 169), originating from 16 different barns, were sampled. ESBL-E shedding rate was 12% (n = 21/169, 95% CI 8-18%); 22 ESBL-E isolates were molecularly studied (one horse had two isolates). The main species was E. coli (91%) and the major ESBL gene was CTX-M-1 (54.5%). Ten different E. coli STs were identified. Sixty-four percent of total isolates were defined as multi-drug resistant. ESBL-E shedding horses originated from 8/16 different barns; whereas 48% (10/21) of them originated from one specific barn. Overall, antibiotic treatment in the previous month was found as a prevalence factor for ESBL-E shedding (p = 0.016, prevalence OR = 27.72, 95% CI 1.845-416.555).
Our findings demonstrate the potential diverse reservoir of ESBL-E in Thoroughbred race horses. Multi-drug resistant bacteria should be further investigated to improve antibiotic treatment regimens and equine welfare.
我们旨在调查赛马中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶肠杆菌科细菌（ESBL-E）排菌情况的患病率、分子流行病学及流行因素。进行了一项横断面研究，涉及从加拿大安大略省一个大型赛马场饲养的169匹纯种马采集的粪便样本。样本经富集后接种于选择性平板，进行传代培养以获得纯培养物，并确认ESBL的产生。鉴定细菌种类并评估抗生素敏感性谱。使用多位点序列分型（MLST）和测序确定大肠杆菌序列类型（ST）和ESBL基因。对携带CTX-M-1基因的分离株进行全基因组测序。查阅病历并调查相关性。
对来自16个不同马厩的169匹成年马进行了采样。ESBL-E排菌率为12%（n = 21/169，95%可信区间8 - 18%）；对22株ESBL-E分离株进行了分子研究（一匹马有两株分离株）。主要菌种为大肠杆菌（91%），主要ESBL基因是CTX-M-1（54.5%）。鉴定出10种不同的大肠杆菌ST。总分离株中有64%被定义为多重耐药。排ESBL-E的马来自16个不同马厩中的8个；其中48%（10/21）来自一个特定马厩。总体而言，发现前一个月的抗生素治疗是ESBL-E排菌的一个流行因素（p = 0.016，流行比OR = 27.72，95%可信区间1.845 - 416.555）。
我们的研究结果表明纯种赛马中ESBL-E可能存在多种来源。应进一步研究多重耐药菌，以改进抗生素治疗方案并提高马匹福利。
