Gandolfi Fulvio, Ghiringhelli Matteo, Brevini Tiziana A L
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy.
Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy.
Anim Reprod. 2020 May 22;16(1):45-51. doi: 10.21451/1984-3143-AR2018-0099.
Different bioengineering strategies can be presently adopted and have been shown to have great potential in the treatment of female infertility and ovarian dysfunction deriving from chemotherapy, congenital malformations, massive adhesions as well as aging and lifestyle. One option is transplantation of fresh or cryopreserved organs/fragments into the patient. A further possibility uses tissue engineering approaches that involve a combination of cells, biomaterials and factors that stimulate local ability to regenerate/ repair the reproductive organ. Organ transplant has shown promising results in large animal models. However, the source of the organ needs to be identified and the immunogenic effects of allografts remain still to be solved before the technology may enter the clinical practice. Decellularization/ repopulation of ovary with autologous cells or follicles could represent an interesting, still very experimental alternative. Here we summarize the recent advancements in the bioengineering strategies applied to the ovary, we present the principles for these systems and discuss the advantages of these emerging opportunities to preserve or improve female fertility.
目前可以采用不同的生物工程策略，并且这些策略已显示出在治疗女性不孕症以及由化疗、先天性畸形、大量粘连以及衰老和生活方式导致的卵巢功能障碍方面具有巨大潜力。一种选择是将新鲜或冷冻保存的器官/组织片段移植到患者体内。另一种可能性是使用组织工程方法，该方法涉及细胞、生物材料和刺激局部生殖器官再生/修复能力的因子的组合。器官移植在大型动物模型中已显示出有希望的结果。然而，在该技术进入临床实践之前，需要确定器官的来源，并且同种异体移植的免疫原性效应仍有待解决。用自体细胞或卵泡对卵巢进行去细胞化/重新填充可能是一种有趣的、但仍处于非常实验阶段的替代方法。在这里，我们总结了应用于卵巢的生物工程策略的最新进展，介绍了这些系统的原理，并讨论了这些新兴机会在维持或改善女性生育能力方面的优势。
