Ortiz-Acevedo Elena, Gomez Juan Pablo, Espeland Marianne, Toussaint Emmanuel F A, Willmott Keith R
Departamento de Química y Biología Universidad del Norte Barranquilla Colombia.
Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL USA.
Ecol Evol. 2020 Oct 3;10(23):12801-12816. doi: 10.1002/ece3.6816. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Diversification rates and evolutionary trajectories are known to be influenced by phenotypic traits and the geographic history of the landscapes that organisms inhabit. One of the most conspicuous traits in butterflies is their wing color pattern, which has been shown to be important in speciation. The evolution of many taxa in the Neotropics has also been influenced by major geological events. Using a dated, species-level molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for Preponini, a colorful Neotropical butterfly tribe, we evaluated whether diversification rates were constant or varied through time, and how they were influenced by color pattern evolution and biogeographical events. We found that Preponini originated approximately 28 million years ago and that diversification has increased through time consistent with major periods of Andean uplift. Even though some clades show evolutionarily rapid transitions in coloration, contrary to our expectations, these shifts were not correlated with shifts in diversification. Involvement in mimicry with other butterfly groups might explain the rapid changes in dorsal color patterns in this tribe, but such changes have not increased species diversification in this group. However, we found evidence for an influence of major Miocene and Pliocene geological events on the tribe's evolution. Preponini apparently originated within South America, and range evolution has since been dynamic, congruent with Andean geologic activity, closure of the Panama Isthmus, and Miocene climate variability.
已知多样化速率和进化轨迹会受到表型特征以及生物体所栖息景观的地理历史的影响。蝴蝶最显著的特征之一是它们的翅色图案，这已被证明在物种形成中很重要。新热带地区许多分类群的进化也受到重大地质事件的影响。我们利用一个针对Preponini（一个色彩斑斓的新热带蝴蝶族）的有时间标定的物种水平分子系统发育假说，评估了多样化速率随时间是恒定不变还是有所变化，以及它们是如何受到翅色图案进化和生物地理事件影响的。我们发现Preponini大约起源于2800万年前，并且随着安第斯山脉隆起的主要时期，多样化程度随时间增加。尽管一些进化枝在颜色上显示出进化上的快速转变，但与我们的预期相反，这些转变与多样化的转变并无关联。与其他蝴蝶类群进行拟态可能解释了这个族中翅背面颜色图案的快速变化，但这种变化并没有增加该类群的物种多样化。然而，我们发现了中新世和上新世主要地质事件对该族进化有影响的证据。Preponini显然起源于南美洲内部，此后分布范围的演变一直很活跃，与安第斯山脉的地质活动、巴拿马地峡的闭合以及中新世气候变率相一致。
