CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia.
Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Host-Parasite Interactions Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2020 Dec;14:264-273. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2020.11.005. Epub 2020 Dec 2.
Anthelmintic resistance is a significant threat to livestock production systems worldwide and is emerging as an important issue in companion animal parasite management. It is also an emerging concern for the control of human soil-transmitted helminths and filaria. An important aspect of managing anthelmintic resistance is the ability to utilise diagnostic tests to detect its emergence at an early stage. In host-parasite systems where resistance is already widespread, diagnostics have a potentially important role in determining those drugs that remain the most effective. The development of molecular diagnostics for anthelmintic resistance is one focus of the Consortium for Anthelmintic Resistance and Susceptibility (CARS) group. The present paper reflects discussions of this issue that occurred at the most recent meeting of the group in Wisconsin, USA, in July 2019. We compare molecular resistance diagnostics with in vivo and in vitro phenotypic methods, and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each. We assess whether our knowledge on the identity of molecular markers for resistance towards the different drug classes is sufficient to provide some expectation that molecular tests for field use may be available in the short-to-medium term. We describe some practical aspects of such tests and how our current capabilities compare to the requirements of an 'ideal' test. Finally, we describe examples of drug class/parasite species interactions that provide the best opportunity for commercial use of molecular tests in the near future. We argue that while such prototype tests may not satisfy the requirements of an 'ideal' test, their potential to provide significant advances over currently-used phenotypic methods warrants their development as field diagnostics.
抗蠕虫药物耐药性是全球畜牧业生产系统面临的重大威胁，也是伴侣动物寄生虫管理中的一个重要问题。它也是控制人类土源性蠕虫和丝虫的一个新出现的问题。管理抗蠕虫药物耐药性的一个重要方面是能够利用诊断测试在早期发现其出现。在已经广泛存在耐药性的宿主-寄生虫系统中，诊断方法在确定哪些药物仍然最有效的方面具有潜在的重要作用。抗蠕虫药物耐药性的分子诊断是抗蠕虫药物耐药性和易感性联盟（CARS）小组的重点关注领域之一。本文反映了该小组在 2019 年 7 月于美国威斯康星州举行的最近一次会议上对这一问题的讨论。我们将分子耐药性诊断方法与体内和体外表型方法进行了比较，并强调了每种方法的优缺点。我们评估了我们对不同药物类别耐药性的分子标记物的了解是否足以提供一些期望，即短期内可能会有用于现场测试的分子测试。我们描述了这些测试的一些实际方面，以及我们当前的能力与“理想”测试的要求相比如何。最后，我们描述了一些药物类别/寄生虫物种相互作用的实例，这些实例为近期商业用途的分子测试提供了最佳机会。我们认为，虽然这些原型测试可能不符合“理想”测试的要求，但它们在当前使用的表型方法方面提供显著进展的潜力，值得将其开发为现场诊断方法。
