Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA.
Ethn Health. 2021 Jan;26(1):110-125. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2020.1849570. Epub 2020 Dec 12.
Coronavirus stigmatization may be disproportionately impacting ethnoracial minority groups in the US. We test three hypotheses: [H1] Asians in the US are more likely to report experiencing coronavirus stigmatization than non-Hispanic Whites; [H2] Coronavirus stigmatization is associated with psychological distress; [H3] Magnitude of association between coronavirus stigmatization and psychological distress is more pronounced among US-born Asians, compared to non-Hispanic Whites.
We analyzed cross-sectional survey data from the 10-31 March 2020 wave of the Understanding America Survey, a nationally representative survey of adults in the US. Psychological distress was assessed with the PHQ-4. Measures of association were estimated using multiple logistic regression and survey sampling weights. Predicted probabilities were calculated using marginal standardization ( 6707).
[H1] The adjusted predicted probability of experiencing any coronavirus stigma among foreign-born Asians (11.2%, 95% CI: 5.5-17.0%; -value = 4.52), US-born Asians (10.9%, 95% CI: 5.8-16.0%; -value = 4.23), Blacks (8.0%, 95% CI: 5.3-10.7%; -value = 2.92), and Hispanic Whites (7.3%, 95% CI: 4.6-9.9%; -value = 2.58) was significantly greater than non-Hispanic Whites (4.5%, 95% CI: 3.7-5.4%). [H2] Individuals reporting any coronavirus stigma experience were significantly more likely to exhibit psychological distress (19.9%, 95% CI: 14.6-25.2% vs 10.6%, 9.6-11.6%; -value = 3.16). [H3] The overall magnitude of association between experience of any coronavirus stigma and psychological distress was not significantly between US-born Asians and non-Hispanic Whites, though we found gender to mask this effect. US-born Asian females who experienced coronavirus stigmatization were more likely to exhibit psychological distress than non-Hispanic white females who experienced coronavirus stigmatization (relative risk (RR): 10.21, 95% CI: 2.69-38.74 vs 1.24, 95% CI: 0.76-2.01; < 0.01).
Comprehensive measures around care seeking, public awareness, and disaggregated data collection are needed to address ethnoracial coronavirus stigmatization and its impact on psychological health and well-being.
冠状病毒污名化可能不成比例地影响美国的少数族裔群体。我们检验了三个假设：[H1]在美国的亚洲人比非西班牙裔白人更有可能报告经历冠状病毒污名化；[H2]冠状病毒污名化与心理困扰有关；[H3]与非西班牙裔白人相比，美国出生的亚洲人冠状病毒污名化与心理困扰之间的关联程度更为明显。
我们分析了 2020 年 3 月 10 日至 31 日期间理解美国调查的横断面调查数据，这是一项针对美国成年人的全国代表性调查。使用 PHQ-4 评估心理困扰。使用多因素逻辑回归和调查抽样权重估计关联度。使用边缘标准化（ 6707）计算预测概率。
[H1]在外国出生的亚洲人（11.2%，95%CI：5.5-17.0%； -值= 4.52）、美国出生的亚洲人（10.9%，95%CI：5.8-16.0%； -值= 4.23）、黑人（8.0%，95%CI：5.3-10.7%； -值= 2.92）和西班牙裔白人（7.3%，95%CI：4.6-9.9%； -值= 2.58）中，经历任何冠状病毒污名的调整后预测概率明显高于非西班牙裔白人（4.5%，95%CI：3.7-5.4%）。[H2]报告经历任何冠状病毒污名的个体更有可能表现出心理困扰（19.9%，95%CI：14.6-25.2%与 10.6%，9.6-11.6%； -值= 3.16）。[H3]经历任何冠状病毒污名与心理困扰之间的关联总体程度在美籍亚洲人和非西班牙裔白人之间没有显著差异，但我们发现性别掩盖了这种效应。经历冠状病毒污名化的美籍亚裔女性比经历冠状病毒污名化的非西班牙裔白人女性更有可能表现出心理困扰（相对风险（RR）：10.21，95%CI：2.69-38.74 与 1.24，95%CI：0.76-2.01； < 0.01）。
需要围绕寻求护理、公众意识和分类数据收集制定综合措施，以解决族裔冠状病毒污名化及其对心理健康和福祉的影响。
