Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie 513-8670, Japan; Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie 513-8670, Japan; Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-0856, Japan; Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
Neurosci Res. 2021 Jul;168:83-94. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.11.006. Epub 2020 Dec 10.
Environmental factors in early life interact with genetics to exert a long-lasting and broad influence on health and disease. There has been a marked growth in the number of environmental factors studied in association with neurodevelopmental disorders. Colonization of the gut microbiota in the offspring uses the maternal resident flora as a primary source of bacteria during perinatal periods. Several lines of evidence have shown that various environmental factors including the mode of delivery, exposure to antibiotics, infection, stress, diet, quality of breast milk, and type of infant-feeding during the perinatal periods can perturb the gut microbiota colonization in the offspring, finally leading to disturbances in brain development. This study proposes that the gut microbiota seeded primarily by maternal microbiota, and the postnatal colonization of the microbiota in the offspring can be critical action points of environmental factors when deciphering the mechanisms of actions of environmental factors in brain development. This research reviews the inheritance and colonization of the microbiota during early life and the potential actions of the environmental factors influencing brain development in the offspring by modulating the vertical transmission of gut microbiota.
环境因素在生命早期与遗传因素相互作用，对健康和疾病产生持久而广泛的影响。与神经发育障碍相关的环境因素的研究数量显著增加。后代肠道微生物群的定植利用母体常驻菌群作为围产期细菌的主要来源。有几条证据表明，包括分娩方式、抗生素暴露、感染、应激、饮食、母乳质量和围产期婴儿喂养方式在内的各种环境因素会干扰后代肠道微生物群的定植，最终导致大脑发育紊乱。这项研究提出，主要由母体微生物群定植的肠道微生物群，以及后代微生物群的定植，可能是环境因素在解释环境因素对大脑发育的作用机制时的关键作用点。本研究综述了生命早期微生物群的遗传和定植，以及通过调节肠道微生物群的垂直传递来影响后代大脑发育的环境因素的潜在作用。
