Ángeles-Hernández Juan C, Gómez-de Anda Fabian R, Reyes-Rodríguez Nydia E, Vega-Sánchez Vicente, García-Reyna Patricia B, Campos-Montiel Rafael G, Calderón-Apodaca Norma L, Salgado-Miranda Celene, Zepeda-Velázquez Andrea P
Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1. Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa A.P. 32, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico.
Departamento de Medicina and Zootecnia de Aves, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Col. UNAM, C.U. Del. Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Dec 11;10(12):2374. doi: 10.3390/ani10122374.
Nematodes of the Anisakidae family have the ability to infest a wide variety of aquatic hosts during the development of their larval stages, mainly marine mammals, aquatic birds, such as pelicans, and freshwater fish, such crucian carp, these being the hosts where the life cycle is completed. The participation of intermediate hosts such as cephalopods, shrimp, crustaceans and marine fish, is an important part of this cycle. Due to morphological changes and updates to the genetic information of the different members of the family, the purpose of this review was to carry out a bibliographic search of the genus and species of the Anisakidae family identified by molecular tests, as well as the geographical area in which they were collected. The Anisakidae family is made up of eight different parasitic genera and 46 different species. Those of clinical importance to human health are highlighted: , . , , , . , . and . . The geographical distribution of these genera and species is located mainly in the European continent, Asia and South America, as well as in North and Central America and Australia. Based on the information collected from the Anisakidae family, it was determined that the geographical distribution is affected by different environmental factors, the host and the ability of the parasite itself to adapt. Its ability to adapt to the human organism has led to it being considered as a zoonotic agent. The disease in humans manifests nonspecifically, however the consumption of raw or semi-raw seafood is crucial information to link the presentation of the parasite with the disease. The use of morphological and molecular tests is of utmost importance for the correct diagnosis of the genus and species of the Anisakidae family.
异尖科线虫在其幼虫阶段的发育过程中能够感染多种水生宿主,主要包括海洋哺乳动物、水鸟(如鹈鹕)和淡水鱼(如鲫鱼),这些宿主是其生命周期完成的场所。头足类动物、虾、甲壳类动物和海鱼等中间宿主的参与是这个生命周期的重要组成部分。由于该科不同成员的形态变化和遗传信息更新,本综述的目的是对通过分子检测鉴定出的异尖科属和种以及采集它们的地理区域进行文献检索。异尖科由八个不同的寄生属和46个不同的种组成。重点介绍了对人类健康具有临床重要性的那些: , , , , , , 以及 。这些属和种的地理分布主要位于欧洲大陆、亚洲和南美洲,以及北美洲、中美洲和澳大利亚。根据从异尖科收集到的信息,确定其地理分布受不同环境因素、宿主以及寄生虫自身适应能力的影响。其对人体的适应能力使其被视为一种人畜共患病原体。人类疾病表现为非特异性,但食用生的或半生的海鲜是将寄生虫的出现与疾病联系起来的关键信息。形态学和分子检测的使用对于正确诊断异尖科的属和种至关重要。