Wang Yong, Yuan Lijia, Cui Xuemei, Xu Wei, Fang Sijia, Li Zoushuyi, Lu Meiqian, Wu Ye, Ma Xiaodan, Chi Xiaoqing, Hu Songhua
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Rd, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Dec 11;8(4):755. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8040755.
Neonates acquire from their mothers maternal antibody (MatAb) which results in poor immune response to vaccination. We previously demonstrated that ginseng stem-leaf saponins in combination with selenium (GSe) had adjuvant effect on the immune response to an attenuated pseudorabies virus (aPrV) vaccine. The present study was to evaluate GSe for its effect on the immune response to aPrV vaccine in neonatal mice with MatAb. Results showed that GSe had adjuvant effect on the immune response to aPrV vaccine in neonates. When GSe was co-administered with aPrV vaccine (aP-GSe), specific gB antibody, Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-γ) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) responses were significantly increased in association with enhanced protection of vaccinated neonates against the lethal PrV challenge even though MatAb existed when compared to the neonates immunized with aPrV vaccine alone. GSe-enhanced immune response depended on its use in the primary immunization. The mechanisms underlying the adjuvant effect of GSe may be due to more innate immune related pathways activated by GSe. Transcriptome analysis of splenocytes from neonates immunized with aP-GSe, aPrV or saline solution showed that there were 3976 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in aP-GSe group while 5959 DEGs in aPrV group when compared to the control. Gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis showed that innate immune responses and cytokine productions related terms or pathways were predominantly enriched in aP-GSe group, such as "NOD-like receptor signaling pathway", "Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity", "NF-κB signaling pathway", "cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction", and "Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation". Considering the potent adjuvant effect of GSe on aPrV vaccine in neonatal mice with MatAb, it deserves further investigation in piglets.
新生儿从母亲那里获得母体抗体（MatAb），这导致其对疫苗接种的免疫反应较差。我们之前证明，人参茎叶皂苷与硒（GSe）联合使用对减毒伪狂犬病病毒（aPrV）疫苗的免疫反应具有佐剂作用。本研究旨在评估GSe对具有MatAb的新生小鼠对aPrV疫苗免疫反应的影响。结果表明，GSe对新生小鼠对aPrV疫苗的免疫反应具有佐剂作用。当GSe与aPrV疫苗联合给药（aP-GSe）时，即使存在MatAb，与单独接种aPrV疫苗的新生小鼠相比，特异性gB抗体、Th1细胞因子（IL-2、IL-12和IFN-γ）和Th2细胞因子（IL-4、IL-6和IL-10）反应显著增加，同时增强了接种疫苗的新生小鼠对致死性PrV攻击的保护作用。GSe增强的免疫反应取决于其在初次免疫中的使用。GSe佐剂作用的潜在机制可能是由于GSe激活了更多与先天免疫相关的途径。对用aP-GSe、aPrV或生理盐水溶液免疫的新生小鼠脾细胞进行转录组分析表明，与对照组相比，aP-GSe组有3976个差异表达基因（DEG），而aPrV组有5959个DEG。基因本体（GO）术语和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）途径分析表明，先天免疫反应和细胞因子产生相关的术语或途径在aP-GSe组中显著富集，如“NOD样受体信号通路”、“自然杀伤细胞介导的细胞毒性”、“NF-κB信号通路”、“细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用”以及“Th1和Th2细胞分化”。考虑到GSe对具有MatAb的新生小鼠aPrV疫苗的强大佐剂作用，值得在仔猪中进一步研究。
