Besnard Stephane, Nardin Clotilde, Lyon Elsa, Debroucker Thomas, Arjmand Roxana, Moretti Raffaella, Pochat Hervé
University Hospital of Caen Normandie, Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU Caen, Caen, France.
Centre Hospitalier Delafontaine, Saint-Denis, France.
Front Neurol. 2020 Nov 26;11:582794. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.582794. eCollection 2020.
Viral infection with SARS-CoV-2 has a neurological tropism that may induce an encephalopathy. In this context, electroencephalographic exploration (EEG) is indicated as a diagnostic argument correlated with lumbar puncture, biology, and imaging. We performed a retrospective analysis of 42 patients explored by EEG and infected by COVID-19, according to the EEG abnormalities and clinical signs that motivated the examination. Confusion and epileptic seizures were the most common clinical indications, with 64% of the patients displaying these symptoms. The EEG was altered in 85% of the cases of confusion, in 57% of the cases of epileptic symptoms (general or focal seizure or prolonged loss of contact) and 20% of the cases of malaise or brief loss of consciousness. Nine EEG (21%) were in favor of an encephalopathy, two had alterations in persistent consciousness and two had alterations in general states of confusion; one was very agitated and without history of epilepsy and combined eyelids clonia while a second one exhibited unconsciousness with left hemicorpus clonus. Two were being investigated for delayed awakening without sedation for more than 24 h. All of these patients were diagnosed COVID-19, some of them with associated mild to severe respiratory disorders. This work shows the interest of the EEG in exploring COVID-19 patients suffering from neurological or general symptoms looking for cerebral alteration.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染具有神经嗜性，可能诱发脑病。在此背景下，脑电图检查（EEG）被视为与腰椎穿刺、生物学检查及影像学检查相关的诊断依据。我们根据促使进行该项检查的EEG异常及临床体征，对42例接受EEG检查且感染新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的患者进行了回顾性分析。意识模糊和癫痫发作是最常见的临床指征，64%的患者出现这些症状。在意识模糊的病例中，85%的患者EEG出现改变；在有癫痫症状（全身性或局灶性发作或持续性意识丧失）的病例中，57%的患者EEG出现改变；在身体不适或短暂意识丧失的病例中，20%的患者EEG出现改变。9例EEG（21%）提示存在脑病，2例存在持续性意识改变，2例存在一般性意识模糊改变；1例非常烦躁，无癫痫病史，伴有眼睑阵挛，另1例表现为意识丧失伴左侧半身阵挛。2例因无镇静情况下延迟苏醒超过24小时而接受检查。所有这些患者均被诊断为COVID-19，其中一些患者伴有轻度至重度呼吸系统疾病。这项研究表明，EEG对于探索患有神经或全身症状且寻求脑部病变的COVID-19患者具有重要意义。
