Emami Nima K, White Mallory B, Calik Ali, Kimminau Emily A, Dalloul Rami A
Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, USA.
Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, USA; Department of Animal Nutrition & Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey.
Poult Sci. 2021 May;100(5):101055. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101055. Epub 2021 Feb 16.
Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens is among the most important enteric diseases in poultry production. This study examined the effects of 2 probiotics (Prob) and a synbiotic (Synb) during a naturally occurring NE challenge. On the day of hatch, 1200 Cobb male broilers were randomly allocated to 5 groups (8 pens/treatment, 30 birds/pen) including 1) negative control (NC): corn-soybean meal diet; 2) positive control (PC): NC + 453 g Stafac20/907 kg feed; 3) Prob 1: NC + 453 g Prob 1/907 kg feed; 4) Prob 2: NC + 453 g Prob 2/907 kg feed; and 5) Synb: NC + 453 g Synb/907 kg feed. One day after placement, birds were challenged by a coccidia vaccine to induce NE. Feed intake and body weights were measured on day 8 (NE onset) and end of starter (day 14) and grower (28) periods. On day 8, the small intestines of 3 birds/pen were examined for NE lesions. Ileal mucosal scrapings from one bird/pen were collected on day 8 and day 28 to profile the microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing. Data were analyzed in JMP or QIIME 2 and significance between treatments identified by LSD or linear discriminant analysis effect size (P < 0.05). The Synb group significantly lowered NE lesion scores on day 8 and reduced day 0-14 mortality by 50% compared with NC. FCR was significantly better in all the groups, whereas ADG was higher in PC, Synb, and Prob 2 groups compared with NC from day 0 to day 28. Lower lesion scores in the Synb group were accompanied by lower relative abundance of Alistipes, ASF356, Faecalibaculum, Lachnospiraceae UCG-001, Muribaculum, Oscillibacter, Parabacteroides, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, and Ruminiclostridium 9 compared with NC on day 8. On day 28, relative abundance of Lactobacillus was lower, whereas abundance of Bacteroides, Barnesiella, Butyricicoccus, CHKCI001, Eisenbergiella, Eubacterium hallii group, Helicobacter, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Ruminococcus torques group, and Sellimonas was significantly higher in the NC birds than in the Synb and Prob 2 groups. Collectively, these data indicate that during a subclinical naturally occurring NE, supplementation of specific additives could be effective in reducing intestinal lesions and mortality, and improving performance potentially through developing a signature microbial profile in the intestinal mucosal layer.
由产气荚膜梭菌引起的坏死性肠炎（NE）是家禽生产中最重要的肠道疾病之一。本研究检测了2种益生菌（Prob）和1种合生元（Synb）在自然发生的NE攻毒期间的效果。在孵化当天，将1200只科宝雄性肉鸡随机分为5组（每组8个栏，每栏30只鸡），包括：1）阴性对照（NC）：玉米-豆粕日粮；2）阳性对照（PC）：NC + 453 g Stafac20/907 kg饲料；3）Prob 1：NC + 453 g Prob 1/907 kg饲料；4）Prob 2：NC + 453 g Prob 2/907 kg饲料；5）Synb：NC + 453 g Synb/907 kg饲料。在放置后一天，用球虫疫苗对鸡进行攻毒以诱发NE。在第8天（NE发病）、育雏期结束（第14天）和生长期（第28天）测量采食量和体重。在第8天，检查每个栏中3只鸡的小肠以观察NE病变。在第8天和第28天收集每个栏中1只鸡的回肠黏膜刮片，使用16S rRNA测序对微生物群进行分析。数据在JMP或QIIME 2中进行分析，并通过最小显著差法（LSD）或线性判别分析效应大小确定处理之间的显著性（P < 0.05）。与NC相比，Synb组在第8天显著降低了NE病变评分，并使第0至14天的死亡率降低了50%。所有组的饲料转化率（FCR）均显著更好，而从第0天到第28天，PC、Synb和Prob 2组的平均日增重（ADG）高于NC组。与NC相比，Synb组在第8天较低的病变评分伴随着较低的阿利斯氏菌属、ASF356、粪杆菌属、毛螺菌科UCG-001、穆里杆菌属、颤杆菌属、副拟杆菌属、理研菌科RC9肠道菌群、瘤胃球菌科UCG-014和瘤胃梭菌9的相对丰度。在第28天，NC组鸡的乳酸杆菌相对丰度较低，而拟杆菌属、巴恩斯氏菌属、丁酸球菌属、CHKCI001、艾氏菌属、哈氏真杆菌组、螺杆菌属、瘤胃球菌科UCG-005、扭链瘤胃球菌组和塞尔氏菌属的丰度显著高于Synb组和Prob 2组。总体而言，这些数据表明，在亚临床自然发生的NE期间，补充特定添加剂可能有效地减少肠道病变和死亡率，并可能通过在肠道黏膜层形成特征性微生物谱来改善生产性能。
