Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
mSphere. 2020 Dec 16;5(6):e00562-20. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00562-20.
Respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Bacterial pathogens often colonize the upper respiratory tract (nose or mouth) prior to causing lower respiratory infections or invasive disease. Interactions within the upper respiratory tract between colonizing bacteria and the resident microbiota could contribute to colonization success and subsequent transmission. Human carriage studies have identified associations between pathogens such as and members of the resident microbiota, although few mechanisms of competition and cooperation have been identified and would be aided by the use of animal models. Little is known about the composition of the murine nasal microbiota; thus, we set out to improve assessment, including tissue sampling, composition, and comparison between mouse sources. Nasal washes were efficient in sampling the nasopharyngeal space but barely disrupted the nasal turbinates. Nasal tissue extraction increased the yield of cultivable bacterial compared to nasal washes, revealing distinct community compositions. Experimental pneumococcal colonization led to dominance by the colonizing pathogen in the nasopharynx and nasal turbinates, but the composition of the microbiota, and interactions with resident microbes, differed depending on the sampling method. Importantly, vendor source has a large impact on microbial composition. Bacterial interactions, including cooperation and colonization resistance, depend on the biogeography of the nose and should be considered during research design of experimental colonization with pathogens. The nasal microbiota is composed of species that play a role in the colonization success of pathogens, including and Murine models provide the ability to explore disease pathogenesis, but little is known about the natural murine nasal microbiota. This study established techniques to allow the exploration of the bacterial members of the nasal microbiota. The mouse nasal microbiota included traditional respiratory bacteria, including , , and species. Analyses were affected by different sampling methods as well as the commercial source of the mice, which should be included in future research design of infectious disease research.
呼吸道感染是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因。细菌病原体常在引起下呼吸道感染或侵袭性疾病之前在上呼吸道（鼻子或口腔）定植。定植细菌与常驻微生物群落在上呼吸道内的相互作用可能有助于定植成功和随后的传播。人类携带研究已经确定了病原体（如 和常驻微生物群落成员之间的关联，尽管已经确定了一些竞争和合作的机制，但动物模型的使用将有助于这些机制的确定。关于鼠鼻腔微生物群落的组成知之甚少；因此，我们着手改善评估，包括组织采样、组成以及鼠源之间的比较。鼻腔冲洗在采样鼻咽腔方面非常有效，但几乎不会破坏鼻鼻甲。与鼻腔冲洗相比，鼻腔组织提取增加了可培养细菌的产量，揭示了不同的群落组成。实验性肺炎球菌定植导致定植病原体在上呼吸道和鼻鼻甲中占主导地位，但微生物群落的组成以及与常驻微生物的相互作用因采样方法而异。重要的是，供应商来源对微生物组成有很大影响。细菌相互作用，包括合作和定植抗性，取决于鼻子的生物地理学，在实验性定植病原体的研究设计中应加以考虑。鼻腔微生物群由在病原体定植成功中起作用的物种组成，包括 和 。 鼠模型提供了探索疾病发病机制的能力，但对天然鼠鼻腔微生物群知之甚少。本研究建立了探索鼻腔微生物群细菌成员的技术。鼠鼻腔微生物群包括传统的呼吸道细菌，包括 、 、 和 物种。分析受到不同采样方法以及小鼠的商业来源的影响，这在未来的传染病研究设计中应包括在内。
