Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2017 Oct 12;15(11):675-687. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.104.
Although human colonization by facultative bacterial pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, represents a major risk factor for invasive infections, the commensal lifestyle of such pathogens has remained a neglected area of research. S. aureus colonizes the nares of approximately 30% of the human population and recent studies suggest that the composition of highly variable nasal microbiota has a major role in promoting or inhibiting S. aureus colonization. Competition for epithelial attachment sites or limited nutrients, different susceptibilities to host defence molecules and the production of antimicrobial molecules may determine whether nasal bacteria outcompete each other. In this Review, we discuss recent insights into mechanisms that are used by S. aureus to prevail in the human nose and the counter-strategies that are used by other nasal bacteria to interfere with its colonization. Understanding such mechanisms will be crucial for the development of new strategies for the eradication of endogenous facultative pathogens.
虽然兼性细菌病原体（如金黄色葡萄球菌）的定植会对人类造成严重的入侵性感染，但这些病原体的共生方式仍然是一个被忽视的研究领域。金黄色葡萄球菌定植于大约 30%的人类鼻腔中，最近的研究表明，高度可变的鼻腔微生物群落的组成在促进或抑制金黄色葡萄球菌定植方面起着重要作用。对上皮附着位点的竞争或有限的营养物质、对宿主防御分子的不同敏感性以及抗菌分子的产生可能决定了鼻腔细菌之间是否存在竞争关系。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了金黄色葡萄球菌在人类鼻腔中占优势的最新机制以及其他鼻腔细菌用来干扰其定植的对策。了解这些机制对于开发新的策略来消除内源性兼性病原体至关重要。
