Ahuja Manik, Frimpong Esther, Okoro Joy, Wani Rajvi, Armel Sarah
East Tennessee State University, USA.
University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA.
Health Psychol Open. 2020 Dec 4;7(2):2055102920975975. doi: 10.1177/2055102920975975. eCollection 2020 Jul-Dec.
The use of various forms of contraception in Ghana gained prominence after the government resorted to investing more in family planning programs when maternal mortality was declared an emergency in the country. In Ghana, the intention to use and actual usage of contraceptives is influenced by many factors, which may lead to non-usage or discontinuation. This quantitative study was conducted to determine risk and protective factors impacting on the intention and usage of contraceptives. Survey data from the Ghana 2014 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) ( = 9396) was used. A sub-sample of 7661 women in their reproductive age were included in this study, who reported being sexually active within the last year. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to test the association between a broad range of risk and protective factors including religion, early sexual intercourse, frequency of sex, number of lifetime sexual partners with intention to use contraception. We controlled for income, educational attainment, and age. Overall ( = 3661; 47.8%) reported no intention of contraception use. Logistic regression analysis revealed that no formal education (OR = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.29-1.72; < 0.001), and primary school as highest educational level (OR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.04-1.25; < 0.001), Islamic religion (OR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59-0.90; < 0.001), not currently employed (OR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.34-1.69; < 0.001), husband opposing contraception use (OR = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.42-3.46; < 0.001), and currently pregnant (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.09-1.54; < 0.001) were also positively associated with no intention of use. Engaging religious leaders for advocacy in the community was identified as an approach to address barriers and increase awareness on contraceptive use. Targeted family planning programs should intensify public education on safe sex behaviors.
在加纳宣布孕产妇死亡率为紧急情况后，政府加大了对计划生育项目的投入，各种避孕方式的使用因此变得更加突出。在加纳，避孕的意愿和实际使用情况受到多种因素的影响，这些因素可能导致不使用或停止使用避孕措施。本定量研究旨在确定影响避孕意愿和使用情况的风险因素和保护因素。使用了来自2014年加纳人口与健康调查（DHS）（n = 9396）的调查数据。本研究纳入了7661名育龄妇女的子样本，她们报告在过去一年内有性行为。进行了逻辑回归分析，以检验包括宗教、过早性行为、性行为频率、终身性伴侣数量等广泛的风险因素和保护因素与避孕意愿之间的关联。我们对收入、教育程度和年龄进行了控制。总体而言（n = 3661；47.8%）报告没有避孕意愿。逻辑回归分析显示，未接受正规教育（OR = 1.49；95% CI，1.29 - 1.72；P < 0.001）、最高教育水平为小学（OR = 1.19；95% CI，1.04 - 1.25；P < 0.001）、伊斯兰教（OR = 0.73；95% CI，0.59 - 0.90；P < 0.001）、目前未就业（OR = 1.50；95% CI，1.34 - 1.69；P < 0.001）、丈夫反对使用避孕措施（OR = 2.19；95% CI，1.42 - 3.46；P < 0.001）以及目前怀孕（OR = 1.30；95% CI，1.09 - 1.54；P < 0.001）也与无使用意愿呈正相关。让宗教领袖在社区中进行宣传被确定为一种解决障碍并提高避孕使用意识的方法。有针对性的计划生育项目应加强对安全性行为的公众教育。
