Ratto Marcelo H, Urra Felipe, Silva Mauricio
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
School of Graduate Studies, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
Front Vet Sci. 2020 Dec 1;7:598117. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.598117. eCollection 2020.
We determined if laterality of ovulation and intrauterine embryo location differentially induces changes in the mesometrial/endometrial vascularization area (MEVA) between uterine horns, during and after embryo migration, elongation and implantation in llamas. Adult, non-pregnant and non-lactating llamas ( = 30) were subjected to daily B-mode ultrasound scanning of their ovaries. Llamas with a growing follicle ≥8 mm in diameter in the left ( = 15) or right ( = 15) ovary were assigned to a single mating with an adult fertile or vasectomized male. Power-doppler ultrasonography was used to determine the MEVA in a cross section of the middle segment of both uterine horns. MEVA was determined by off-line measurements using the ImageJ software. MEVA measurements were performed before mating (day 0) and on days 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 after mating in pregnant [llamas with left- ( = 6) or right-sided ( = 6) ovulations] and non-pregnant [llamas with left- ( = 6) or right-sided ( = 6) ovulations] females. Ovulation was confirmed by the disappearance of a follicle (≥8 mm) detected previously. Pregnancy was confirmed by the presence of the embryo proper. MEVA was analyzed by one-way ANOVA for repeated measures using the MIXED Procedure in SAS. If significant ( ≤ 0.05) main effects or interactions were detected, Tukey's test for multiple comparisons was used. Ovulation rate did not differ ( = 0.4) between females mated to an intact or vasectomized male and between right- or left-sided ovulations. Three females mated to the intact and 3 to the vasectomized male did not ovulate and were excluded of the study. First observation of fluid inside the gestational sac and of embryo proper, were made exclusively in the left uterine horn, on day 15.8 ± 3.8 and 22 ± 2.7, and 16.7± 2.6 and 27.5 ± 2.8 for pregnant llamas ovulating in the right and left ovary, respectively. Although the MEVA of both uterine horns was affected by time ( < 0.05), it was not affected by physiological status (pregnant vs. non-pregnant; = 0.9) or laterality of ovulation ( = 0.4). Contrary to expectations, regardless of the laterality of ovulation, in pregnant llamas the left horn did not display a greater MEVA before or after embryo arrival, a trend that was observed during the first 30 days of gestation.
我们研究了在羊驼胚胎迁移、伸长和着床期间及之后，排卵侧别和子宫内胚胎位置是否会差异性地诱导子宫角间子宫系膜/子宫内膜血管化区域（MEVA）发生变化。对30只成年、未怀孕且未哺乳的羊驼进行每日B超扫描其卵巢。左侧（n = 15）或右侧（n = 15）卵巢中有直径≥8 mm生长卵泡的羊驼与成年可育或输精管结扎的雄性进行单次交配。使用功率多普勒超声在两个子宫角中段的横截面上测定MEVA。通过使用ImageJ软件进行离线测量来确定MEVA。在怀孕[左侧（n = 6）或右侧（n = 6）排卵的羊驼]和未怀孕[左侧（n = 6）或右侧（n = 6）排卵的羊驼]雌性中，在交配前（第0天）以及交配后第5、10、15、20、25和30天进行MEVA测量。通过先前检测到的卵泡（≥8 mm）消失来确认排卵。通过有正常胚胎来确认怀孕。使用SAS中的MIXED过程通过重复测量的单向方差分析对MEVA进行分析。如果检测到显著（P≤0.05）的主效应或交互作用，则使用Tukey多重比较检验。与完整或输精管结扎雄性交配的雌性之间以及右侧或左侧排卵之间的排卵率没有差异（P = 0.4）。与完整雄性交配的3只雌性和与输精管结扎雄性交配的3只雌性未排卵，被排除在研究之外。在第15.8±3.8天和22±2.7天，以及分别在右侧和左侧卵巢排卵的怀孕羊驼中，在第16.7±2.6天和27.5±2.8天，仅在左子宫角首次观察到妊娠囊内有液体和正常胚胎。尽管两个子宫角的MEVA受时间影响（P<0.05），但不受生理状态（怀孕与未怀孕；P = 0.9）或排卵侧别（P = 0.4）影响。与预期相反，无论排卵侧别如何，在怀孕羊驼中，在胚胎到达之前或之后，左子宫角的MEVA都没有更大，这一趋势在妊娠的前30天观察到。
