Minoia C, Apostoli P, Battaglia A, Catenacci G, Cottica D, Franco G, Pozzoli L, Vanola C, Candura F, Capodaglio E
Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri Clinica del Lavoro e della Riabilitazione, Pavia.
G Ital Med Lav. 1987 Mar;9(2):53-105.
The main aspects of occupational exposure to chromium and chromium compounds are surveyed. Special attention is paid to the toxic action of this metal at the different target organs. The nutritional aspect of CrIII is examined preliminarily, and data detailing the metal contents in water and food are provided. As far the different working processes that entail occupational exposure to chromium are concerned, hygienic and environmental problems are discussed while identifying the average environment exposure to the different chemical forms of chromium (CrIII, CrIV, soluble and not soluble), as a function of the worker's tasks, and the relevant human response (total human Cr). Different hygienic and environmental standards in force in various countries and applicable to chromium compounds are compared. Additional information is given on the main aspects of chromium metabolism (absorption, distribution, excretion), and on the prevailing toxic actions, with specific reference to cancerogenesis. As far as biologic monitoring of the exposed people is concerned, the significance of Cr-U as dose-exposure indicator is discussed, also in the light of a critical review of the reference values. The report describes a series of analytical methods for the identification of chromium in aqueous and biologic matrices. The problems connected with health monitoring and fitness for work are eventually covered.
本文综述了职业接触铬及其化合物的主要方面。特别关注了这种金属在不同靶器官的毒性作用。初步研究了三价铬的营养方面，并提供了详细的水和食物中金属含量数据。就涉及职业接触铬的不同工作过程而言，讨论了卫生和环境问题，同时根据工人的任务确定了不同化学形态铬（三价铬、四价铬、可溶和不可溶）的平均环境暴露水平以及相关的人体反应（人体总铬含量）。比较了各国现行的适用于铬化合物的不同卫生和环境标准。还提供了有关铬代谢（吸收、分布、排泄）主要方面以及主要毒性作用的更多信息，特别提及致癌作用。就对接触人群的生物监测而言，还根据对参考值的批判性审查讨论了尿铬作为剂量暴露指标的意义。该报告描述了一系列用于鉴定水和生物基质中铬的分析方法。最后涵盖了与健康监测和工作适应性相关的问题。
