Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.
Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland - College Park, College Park, MD, USA.
Curr Opin Virol. 2021 Apr;47:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.11.002. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
Viral RNAs are susceptible to co-translational RNA decay pathways mediated by the RNA helicase Upstream frameshift 1 (Upf1). Upf1 is a key component in nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), Staufen1-mediated mRNA decay (SMD), and structure-mediated RNA decay (SRD) pathways, among others. Diverse families of viruses have features that predispose them to Upf1 targeting, but have evolved means to escape decay through the action of cis-acting or trans-acting viral factors. Studies aimed at understanding how viruses are subjected to and circumvent NMD have increased our understanding of NMD target selection of host mRNAs. This review focuses on the knowledge gained from studying NMD in viral systems as well as related Upf1-dependent pathways and how these pathways restrict virus replication.
病毒 RNA 易受到由 RNA 解旋酶 Upf1 介导的共翻译 RNA 衰变途径的影响。Upf1 是无意义介导的衰变 (NMD)、Staufen1 介导的 mRNA 衰变 (SMD) 和结构介导的 RNA 衰变 (SRD) 等途径中的关键组成部分。不同类型的病毒具有易受 Upf1 靶向影响的特征,但已通过顺式作用或反式作用的病毒因子的作用进化出逃避衰变的手段。旨在了解病毒如何受到 NMD 影响并规避 NMD 的研究增加了我们对宿主 mRNA NMD 靶标选择的理解。本综述重点介绍了从病毒系统中研究 NMD 以及相关的 Upf1 依赖性途径中获得的知识,以及这些途径如何限制病毒复制。