Soltani Raheleh, Sharifirad Gholamreza, Mahaki Behzad, Ali Eslami Ahmad
Dept. of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Iran.
J Dent (Shiraz). 2020 Dec;21(4):292-299. doi: 10.30476/DENTJODS.2020.81811.0.
Oral self- care is an important aspect of lifestyle and a serious public health issue.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational program based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the mothers and children's oral self-care behaviors.
This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 148 mothers and their children (1-6 years) who referred to the health centers of Tabriz, Iran ; divided into two groups of intervention (n=74) and control (n=74). Data were collected through a questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, oral self-care behaviors, and structures of TPB. Both groups completed questionnaires before, immediately, 3 and 6 months after the intervention. The experimental group received three educational sessions, each session held for 120 minutes. The educational methods such as lectures, group discussion, and demonstrations were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS (ver18) software and Chi-square, Independent samples t-test and repeated measure ANOVA at the significant level of < 0.05.
Before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences between both groups in oral self -care behaviors and structures of TPB (> 0.05). Immediately, 3 and 6 months after the intervention the mean scores of oral self-care behavior presented a significant increase in both mothers and their children in the intervention group (< 0.001). Six months after the intervention, brushing children's teeth twice a day increased significantly from 8.1% (6/74) to 55.4% (41/74) in the experimental group (< 0.001). At immediately, 3, and 6 months after the intervention, the mean scores of mothers' attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and intention towards the children's oral health were significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group (< 0.001).
According to the results of this study, intervention based on the theory of planned behavior promotes the oral self-care behavior both in mothers and in their children.
口腔自我保健是生活方式的一个重要方面，也是一个严重的公共卫生问题。
本研究旨在评估基于计划行为理论（TPB）的教育项目对母亲和儿童口腔自我保健行为的影响。
本准实验研究对148名母亲及其1 - 6岁的孩子进行，这些母亲和孩子前往伊朗大不里士的健康中心就诊；分为干预组（n = 74）和对照组（n = 74）。通过一份问卷收集数据，问卷包括人口统计学特征、口腔自我保健行为以及计划行为理论的结构。两组在干预前、干预后即刻、3个月和6个月时均完成问卷。实验组接受三次教育课程，每次课程时长120分钟。采用了讲座、小组讨论和演示等教育方法。使用SPSS（ver18）软件进行数据分析，在显著性水平< 0.05时采用卡方检验、独立样本t检验和重复测量方差分析。
干预前，两组在口腔自我保健行为和计划行为理论结构方面无统计学显著差异（> 0.05）。干预后即刻、3个月和6个月时，干预组母亲及其孩子的口腔自我保健行为平均得分均显著提高（< 0.001）。干预6个月后，实验组中每天给孩子刷牙两次的比例从8.1%（6/74）显著增加到55.4%（41/74）（< 0.001）。干预后即刻、3个月和6个月时，与对照组相比，实验组母亲对孩子口腔健康的态度、主观规范、感知行为控制和意向的平均得分显著提高（< 0.001）。
根据本研究结果，基于计划行为理论的干预可促进母亲及其孩子的口腔自我保健行为。
