Rice Paige E, Nimphius Sophia
Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States.
Front Sports Act Living. 2020 May 12;2:49. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00049. eCollection 2020.
Athletic performance is determined by numerous variables that cannot always be controlled or modified. Due to aesthetic requirements during sports such as dance, body alignment constrains possible movement solutions. Increased power transference around the ankle-joint, coupled with lower hip-joint power, has become a preferential strategy in dancers during leaps and may be considered a dance-specific stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) demand. Newell's theoretical model of interacting constraints includes organismic (or individual), environmental, and task constraints describing the different endogenous and exogenous constraints individuals must overcome for movement and athletic performance. The unique task constraints imposed during dance will be used as a model to justify an isolated joint, single-targeted block progression training to improve physical capacity within the context of motor behavior to enhance dance-specific SSC performance. The suggested ankle-specific block progression consists of isometrics, dynamic constant external resistance, accentuated eccentrics, and plyometrics. Such programming tactics intend to collectively induce tendon remodeling, muscle hypertrophy, greater maximal strength, improved rate of force development, increased motor unit firing rates, and enhanced dynamic movement performance. The current perspective provides a dualistic approach and justification (physiological and motor behavioral) for specific strength and conditioning programming strategies. We propose implementation of a single-targeted block progression program, inspired by Newell's theoretical model of interacting constraints, may elicit positive training adaptations in a directed manner in this population. The application of Newell's theoretical model in the context of a strength and conditioning supports development of musculoskeletal properties and control and is conceptually applicable to a range of athletes.
运动表现由众多变量决定，而这些变量往往无法始终得到控制或改变。由于舞蹈等运动中的审美要求，身体 alignment 会限制可能的运动解决方案。踝关节周围力量传递增加，同时髋关节力量降低，已成为舞者在跳跃时的一种优先策略，并且可被视为一种特定于舞蹈的拉伸-缩短周期（SSC）需求。纽厄尔的相互作用约束理论模型包括机体（或个体）、环境和任务约束，描述了个体在运动和运动表现中必须克服的不同内源性和外源性约束。舞蹈中施加的独特任务约束将被用作一个模型，以证明进行孤立关节、单目标的阶段性进阶训练是合理的，目的是在运动行为的背景下提高身体能力，以增强特定于舞蹈的SSC表现。建议的针对踝关节的阶段性进阶训练包括等长收缩、动态恒定外部阻力、强化离心收缩和增强式训练。这样的训练策略旨在共同诱导肌腱重塑、肌肉肥大、更大的最大力量、提高力量发展速率、增加运动单位放电频率以及增强动态运动表现。当前的观点为特定的力量和体能训练策略提供了一种二元方法及依据（生理和运动行为方面）。我们提出，受纽厄尔相互作用约束理论模型启发而实施的单目标阶段性进阶训练计划，可能会以一种有针对性的方式在这一人群中引发积极的训练适应性变化。纽厄尔理论模型在力量和体能训练背景下的应用有助于肌肉骨骼特性及控制能力的发展，并在概念上适用于一系列运动员。
