Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua.
J Infect Dis. 2021 Aug 16;224(4):643-647. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa776.
Influenza is associated with primary viral and secondary bacterial pneumonias; however, the dynamics of this relationship in populations with varied levels of pneumococcal vaccination remain unclear. We conducted nested matched case-control studies in 2 prospective cohorts of Nicaraguan children aged 2-14 years: 1 before pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction (2008-2010) and 1 following introduction and near universal adoption (2011-2018). The association between influenza and pneumonia was similar in both cohorts. Participants with influenza (across types/subtypes) had higher odds of developing pneumonia in the month following influenza infection. These findings underscore the importance of considering influenza in interventions to reduce global pneumonia burden.
流感可引起原发性病毒性肺炎和继发性细菌性肺炎；然而，在具有不同水平肺炎球菌疫苗接种率的人群中，这种关系的动态变化仍不清楚。我们在 2 项尼加拉瓜 2-14 岁儿童前瞻性队列中进行了嵌套病例对照研究：1 项在肺炎球菌结合疫苗引入之前（2008-2010 年），1 项在引入和近乎普遍采用之后（2011-2018 年）。流感与肺炎之间的关联在两个队列中相似。在流感感染后的一个月内，患有流感（各种类型/亚型）的参与者发生肺炎的几率更高。这些发现强调了在减少全球肺炎负担的干预措施中考虑流感的重要性。
