Morris Denise E, Cleary David W, Clarke Stuart C
Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton Foundation NHS TrustSouthampton, United Kingdom.
Global Health Research Institute, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, United Kingdom.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Jun 23;8:1041. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01041. eCollection 2017.
Lower and upper respiratory infections are the fourth highest cause of global mortality (Lozano et al., 2012). Epidemic and pandemic outbreaks of respiratory infection are a major medical concern, often causing considerable disease and a high death toll, typically over a relatively short period of time. Influenza is a major cause of epidemic and pandemic infection. Bacterial co/secondary infection further increases morbidity and mortality of influenza infection, with , , and reported as the most common causes. With increased antibiotic resistance and vaccine evasion it is important to monitor the epidemiology of pathogens in circulation to inform clinical treatment and development, particularly in the setting of an influenza epidemic/pandemic.
下呼吸道和上呼吸道感染是全球第四大致死原因（洛萨诺等人，2012年）。呼吸道感染的流行和大流行爆发是主要的医学关注点，常常导致相当多的疾病和高死亡人数，通常在相对较短的时间内发生。流感是流行和大流行感染的主要原因。细菌合并/继发感染进一步增加了流感感染的发病率和死亡率，据报告， 、 和 是最常见的病因。随着抗生素耐药性增加和疫苗逃避现象出现，监测流通中病原体的流行病学情况对于指导临床治疗和研发非常重要，尤其是在流感流行/大流行的情况下。
