Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2020 Dec 22;15(12):e0243821. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243821. eCollection 2020.
We test common sense psychology of intragroup relations whereby people assume that intragroup respect and ingroup prototypicality are positively related. In Study 1a, participants rated a group member as more prototypical if they learned that group member was highly respected rather than disrespected. In Study 1b, participants rated a group member as more respected by other group members if they learned that group member was prototypical rather than unprototypical. As a commonsense psychology of groups, we reasoned that the perceived relationship between prototypicality and intragroup respect would be stronger for cohesive groups compared to incohesive groups. The effect of intragroup respect on perceptions of prototypicality (Study 2a & 2c) and the effect of prototypicality on perceptions of intragroup respect (Study 2b) were generally stronger for participants considering cohesive groups relative to incohesive groups. However, the interaction effect of prototypicality and group cohesion on intragroup respect did fail to replicate in Study 2d. In Studies 3, 4a, and 4b we manipulated the relationship between prototypicality and intragroup respect and found that when these variables were in perceptual harmony participants perceived groups as more cohesive. The results of eight out of nine studies conducted are consistent with the prediction that people make inferences about intragroup respect, prototypicality, and group cohesion in a manner that maintains perceptual harmony.
我们检验了群体内关系的常识性心理学，即人们认为群体内尊重和群体典型性呈正相关。在研究 1a 中，如果参与者了解到群体成员受到高度尊重而不是被轻视，他们会认为该成员更具典型性。在研究 1b 中，如果参与者了解到群体成员更具典型性而不是非典型性，他们会认为其他群体成员更尊重该成员。作为群体的常识心理学，我们推断，与不具凝聚力的群体相比，凝聚力强的群体中典型性和群体内尊重之间的感知关系更强。群体内尊重对典型性感知的影响（研究 2a 和 2c）以及典型性对群体内尊重感知的影响（研究 2b）对于考虑到凝聚力强的群体的参与者来说通常更强。然而，在研究 2d 中，典型性和群体凝聚力对群体内尊重的交互效应未能复制。在研究 3、4a 和 4b 中，我们操纵了典型性和群体内尊重之间的关系，发现当这些变量在感知上协调一致时，参与者会认为群体更具凝聚力。九项研究中有八项的结果与以下预测一致，即人们会以一种保持感知协调的方式，对群体内尊重、典型性和群体凝聚力进行推断。
