State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 20;761:144131. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144131. Epub 2020 Dec 8.
China experiences high ozone concentrations with highest annual 8-hour maximum concentration in eastern China of 78 μg/m and was followed by southern (73 μg/m), north-western (69 μg/m), northern (68 μg/m), central (67 μg/m), north eastern (65 μg/m) and south-western China (59 μg/m). Ozone concentration peaked in spring season in 4 (eastern, northern, north eastern & central) of 7 regions across China while lowest concentration in most regions across China was experienced in winter season with central and southern China being the only exceptions. Regions outside Asia contributed ozone to all regions across China with highest contributions in 4 (East, Central, North & Northeast) of the 7 regions. South-western China had the largest ozone contribution from outside (23%) and was followed by 16.39% outside ozone contribution in north-western China, 11.64% contribution in north eastern China, 11% contribution in northern China, 7.85% contribution in southern China, 5.28% contribution in central China while 4.56% contribution in eastern China. Policy relevant background (PRB) concentration was above 47 μg/m in all regions across China and contributed about 71-94% to total ozone concentration with highest PRB concentration of 65.25 μg/m recorded in north-west China. China recorded 93,351 (95%CI: 11001-169,898) ozone related premature mortality in 2015 with 42,673 (95%CI: 11001-69,586) respiratory mortality and 50,678 (95%CI: 0-100,312) cardiovascular mortality. Northern and eastern China recorded high ozone related mortality with 18,230 (95%CI: 4700-29,727) & 12,261 (95%CI: 3161-19,993) respiratory and 21,662 (95%CI: 0-42,877) & 14,528 (95%CI: 0-28,757) cardiovascular deaths respectively. In terms of foreign contributions, premature mortality due to ozone from outside Asia contributed the most to China with 1070 (95%CI: 276-1746) respiratory mortality and 1270 (95%CI: 0-2515) cardiovascular mortality. East Asia contributed to about 419 (95%CI: 109-679) respiratory deaths and 501 (95%CI: 0-989) cardiovascular deaths while North Asia contributed to 220 (95%CI: 56-358) respiratory mortality and 260 (95%CI, 0-515) cardiovascular mortality.
中国经历了高浓度的臭氧，东部地区的年 8 小时最大浓度最高，为 78μg/m，其次是南部（73μg/m）、西北部（69μg/m）、北部（68μg/m）、中部（67μg/m）、东北部（65μg/m）和西南部（59μg/m）。在中国的 7 个地区中，有 4 个地区（东部、北部、东北部和中部）的臭氧浓度在春季达到峰值，而在中国大部分地区，冬季的浓度最低，中部和南部是仅有的例外。亚洲以外的地区向中国所有地区贡献了臭氧，其中 4 个地区（东亚、中亚、北亚和东北亚）的贡献最大。西南地区从外部获得的臭氧最多（23%），其次是西北地区（16.39%）、东北地区（11.64%）、华北地区（11%）、华南地区（7.85%）、华中地区（5.28%）和华东地区（4.56%）。中国所有地区的政策相关背景（PRB）浓度均高于 47μg/m，对臭氧浓度的贡献约为 71-94%，其中西北地区的 PRB 浓度最高，为 65.25μg/m。2015 年，中国记录了 93351 例（95%置信区间：11001-169898）与臭氧有关的过早死亡，其中 42673 例（95%置信区间：11001-69586）与呼吸道死亡有关，50678 例（95%置信区间：0-100312）与心血管死亡有关。北方和东部地区的臭氧相关死亡率较高，分别为 18230 例（95%置信区间：4700-29727）和 12261 例（95%置信区间：3161-19993）与呼吸道死亡有关，21662 例（95%置信区间：0-42877）和 14528 例（95%置信区间：0-28757）与心血管死亡有关。就外国贡献而言，亚洲以外地区因臭氧造成的过早死亡对中国的贡献最大，其中 1070 例（95%置信区间：276-1746）与呼吸道死亡有关，1270 例（95%置信区间：0-2515）与心血管死亡有关。东亚导致约 419 例（95%置信区间：109-679）呼吸道死亡和 501 例（95%置信区间：0-989）心血管死亡，北亚导致 220 例（95%置信区间：56-358）呼吸道死亡和 260 例（95%置信区间，0-515）心血管死亡。
