Martorelli Marina, Hartle Larissa, Coutinho Gabriel, Mograbi Daniel Correa, Chaves Daniel, Silberman Claudia, Charchat-Fichman Helenice
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Centro Universitário Celso Lisboa - Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.
Dement Neuropsychol. 2020 Dec;14(4):358-365. doi: 10.1590/1980-57642020dn14-040005.
The aging of the population leads to an increase in the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Recent studies highlight the early non-amnestic deficits in AD and MCI. The European Union report shows the importance of thoroughly assessing cognitive aspects that have been poorly evaluated, such as processing speed (PS), which could represent early indicators of cognitive decline.
To analyze the diagnostic accuracy of PS measures in older adults with MCI, AD, and those who are cognitively-healthy.
A cross-sectional study was conducted by performing an extensive neuropsychological assessment in three samples: 26 control participants, 22 individuals with MCI, and 21 individuals with AD. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to test the relationship between dependent variables and the clinical group. tests (Bonferroni test) were used when a significant ANOVA result was found. Finally, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for PS measures was performed in older adults with MCI and AD compared with cognitively-healthy older adults.
The results showed that deficits in PS measures can be early indicators of cognitive decline in cases of MCI, even when executive functions (EFs) and functionality are preserved. Conversely, AD MCI presented differences in PS, EFs, and functionality.
The ROC analyses showed that PS measures had discriminative capacities to differentiate individuals with MCI, AD, and cognitively-healthy older adults.
人口老龄化导致痴呆症和轻度认知障碍（MCI）的患病率上升。阿尔茨海默病（AD）是痴呆症最常见的病因。最近的研究强调了AD和MCI早期的非遗忘性缺陷。欧盟报告显示了全面评估那些评估不足的认知方面的重要性，比如处理速度（PS），它可能是认知衰退的早期指标。
分析PS测量在患有MCI、AD的老年人以及认知健康的老年人中的诊断准确性。
通过对三个样本进行广泛的神经心理学评估开展一项横断面研究：26名对照参与者、22名MCI患者和21名AD患者。采用方差分析（ANOVA）来检验因变量与临床组之间的关系。当方差分析结果显著时，使用检验（Bonferroni检验）。最后，对患有MCI和AD的老年人与认知健康的老年人进行PS测量的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析。
结果表明，即使在执行功能（EFs）和功能保持正常的情况下，PS测量的缺陷也可能是MCI患者认知衰退的早期指标。相反，AD与MCI在PS、EFs和功能方面存在差异。
ROC分析表明，PS测量具有区分MCI患者、AD患者和认知健康老年人的鉴别能力。
