Hartle Larissa, Charchat-Fichman Helenice
Department of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Department of Philosophy, Social, Human and Education Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Dement Neuropsychol. 2021 Apr-Jun;15(2):155-163. doi: 10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-020001.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a widely studied concept that has changed over time. Epidemiology, diagnosis, costs, prognostics, screening procedures, and categorization have been extensively discussed. However, unified guidelines are still not available, especially considering differences between low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and high-income countries (HIC).
To contextualize and identify the main areas under investigation regarding MCI diagnosis and to investigate how much of the current knowledge is compatible with the diagnosis in an LMIC.
This brief review followed the framework outlined for a scoping review and goes through the history of MCI and its diagnosis, the differences and relevance of LMIC research regarding the concept, and the current criteria for diagnosis.
Results show that the unique characteristics of LMIC influence the development of cognitive decline and how suitable procedures suggested by HIC can be used by LMIC to identify pathological aging processes in their early stages.
Neuropsychological assessment of activities of daily living performance, considering the difference between omission and commission errors, is a more accessible course of action as a screening procedure for cognitive decline in LMIC.
轻度认知障碍（MCI）是一个经过广泛研究且随时间不断变化的概念。流行病学、诊断、成本、预后、筛查程序及分类等方面均已得到广泛讨论。然而，统一的指南仍未出台，尤其是考虑到低收入和中等收入国家（LMIC）与高收入国家（HIC）之间的差异。
将MCI诊断的主要研究领域置于具体情境中并加以识别，同时调查当前知识中有多少与LMIC中的诊断相符。
本简要综述遵循了为范围综述概述的框架，梳理了MCI及其诊断的历史、LMIC研究在该概念方面的差异及相关性，以及当前的诊断标准。
结果表明，LMIC的独特特征会影响认知衰退的发展，以及HIC所建议的合适程序如何能被LMIC用于在早期识别病理性衰老过程。
考虑到疏忽性错误和执行性错误之间的差异，对日常生活活动表现进行神经心理学评估，作为LMIC中认知衰退的筛查程序，是一种更容易实施的行动方案。
