Hunt Christopher, Paez Arsenio, Folmar Eric
Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017 Nov;12(6):901-907.
Treatment plans employed by physical therapists involved in musculoskeletal rehabilitation may follow a conventional medical-model approach, isolating care at the tissue level but neglecting consideration for neurocognitive contributions to recovery. Understanding and integration of motor learning concepts into physical therapy practice is integral for influencing the human movement system in the most effective manner. One such motor learning concept is the use of verbal instruction to influence the attentional focus of the learner. Evidence suggests that encouraging an external focus of attention through verbal instruction promotes superior motor performance, and more lasting effects of a learning experience than an internal focus of attention. Utilizing an external focus of attention when instructing a patient on a motor task may facilitate improved motor performance and improved functional outcomes in treatment plans devised to address musculoskeletal injury and movement disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize the basic principles of motor learning and available evidence on the influence an external focus of attention has on motor learning and performance, including the benefits of an external focus of attention over an internal focus of attention and how therapists may inadvertently encourage the latter. Furthermore, the benefits of possessing greater awareness of neurocognitive mechanisms are discussed to exhibit how implementing such concepts into musculoskeletal rehabilitation can maximize treatment outcomes.
参与肌肉骨骼康复的物理治疗师所采用的治疗计划可能遵循传统医学模式方法，在组织层面孤立地进行护理，却忽视了神经认知对康复的作用。理解运动学习概念并将其融入物理治疗实践对于以最有效的方式影响人体运动系统至关重要。其中一个运动学习概念是使用言语指导来影响学习者的注意力焦点。有证据表明，通过言语指导鼓励外部注意力焦点比内部注意力焦点能促进更优的运动表现以及学习体验更持久的效果。在指导患者进行运动任务时利用外部注意力焦点可能有助于在为解决肌肉骨骼损伤和运动障碍而设计的治疗计划中改善运动表现和功能结果。本综述的目的是总结运动学习的基本原则以及关于外部注意力焦点对运动学习和表现影响的现有证据，包括外部注意力焦点相对于内部注意力焦点的益处以及治疗师可能无意中鼓励后者的方式。此外，还讨论了更深入了解神经认知机制的益处，以展示将这些概念应用于肌肉骨骼康复如何能使治疗效果最大化。
5级。
