Agadjanian Victor, Hayford Sarah R, Jansen Natalie A
University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Ohio State University, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2021 Feb;270:113519. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113519. Epub 2020 Nov 12.
Labor migration is widespread and growing across the world. As migration grows, the economic outcomes of migration increasingly diversify, and so do its consequences for the well-being and health of both migrants and non-migrating household members. A considerable body of scholarship has examined the effects of migration on the physical and mental health of 'left-behind' household members. The impact of migration on mortality, particularly of non-migrating marital partners, is less well understood. Addressing this gap, we use data from a longitudinal survey of married women conducted over twelve years in rural Mozambique to examine the association between men's labor out-migration and their non-migrating wives' mortality. The analyses detect no significant differences when comparing non-migrants' wives to migrants' wives in the aggregate but point to instructive variation among migrants' wives according to the economic success of migration, as measured by the effects of migration on the household's material well-being. Specifically, women married to less successful migrants had higher mortality risks over the project span than women married to more successful migrants, regardless of other individual and household-level factors. Importantly for this setting with high HIV prevalence, the advantage of wives of more successful migrants is significant for HIV/AIDS-unrelated deaths but not for HIV/AIDS-related deaths. We situate these findings within the cross-national scholarship on migration and health.
劳动力迁移在全球范围内广泛存在且呈增长趋势。随着迁移现象的增多，迁移的经济结果日益多样化，其对移民和非移民家庭成员的福祉与健康所产生的影响也同样如此。大量学术研究探讨了迁移对“留守”家庭成员身心健康的影响。然而，迁移对死亡率的影响，尤其是对非移民配偶死亡率的影响，却鲜为人知。为填补这一空白，我们利用在莫桑比克农村地区进行的一项针对已婚妇女的长达十二年的纵向调查数据，来研究男性劳动力外出迁移与其非移民妻子死亡率之间的关联。总体而言，分析结果显示，将非移民的妻子与移民的妻子进行比较时，未发现显著差异，但根据迁移对家庭物质福祉的影响所衡量的迁移经济成功程度，移民妻子之间存在具有启发性的差异。具体而言，在整个项目期间，与不太成功的移民结婚的女性比与更成功的移民结婚的女性面临更高的死亡风险，无论其他个人和家庭层面的因素如何。对于这个艾滋病毒高流行率的地区而言，重要的是，更成功移民的妻子在与艾滋病毒/艾滋病无关的死亡方面具有显著优势，但在与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的死亡方面则不然。我们将这些研究结果置于关于迁移与健康的跨国学术研究背景中进行考量。
