Chae Sophia, Agadjanian Victor, Hayford Sarah R
Département de Démographie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
Department of Sociology, University of California Los Angeles, 375 Portola Plaza, 206 Haines Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90005.
J Marriage Fam. 2021 Apr;83(2):409-427. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12725. Epub 2020 Sep 14.
This study examines trends over several decades in bridewealth marriage and analyzes the association of bridewealth with women's experiences in marriage in a rural sub-Saharan setting.
Bridewealth - payments from the groom's to the bride's family as part of the marriage process - has long been a central element of kinship and marriage systems in patrilineal sub-Saharan Africa. This payment, which symbolizes the transfer of sexual and reproductive rights from the wife's to the husband's family, is grounded in a collectivist-oriented family system that closely ties women's status and value to their reproductive capacity.
The study draws on population-based longitudinal survey data collected in 2006, 2009, and 2011 from 1,552 women in rural Mozambique. We use multivariable regression to investigate whether year of marriage predicts being in a bridewealth marriage and whether bridewealth status predicts marital dissolution, women's decision-making autonomy, women's work outside of subsistence agriculture, or modern contraceptive use.
The proportion of marriages involving bridewealth payment has declined over time. While no difference by bridewealth status exists in women's autonomy levels or modern contraceptive use, women in bridewealth marriages are less likely to divorce over a five-year period and less likely to work outside of subsistence agriculture, net of other factors.
These findings reflect the complexity of a modernizing marriage system. With the decline of bridewealth marriage, its meaning has evolved, becoming increasingly indicative of individual wealth and status rather than family control.
本研究考察了几十年来彩礼婚姻的趋势，并分析了在撒哈拉以南农村地区彩礼与女性婚姻经历之间的关联。
彩礼——作为婚姻过程一部分，由新郎家向新娘家支付的财物——长期以来一直是撒哈拉以南非洲父系社会亲属关系和婚姻制度的核心要素。这笔财物象征着性权利和生育权从妻子家转移到丈夫家，它基于一种集体主义导向的家庭制度，这种制度将女性的地位和价值与其生育能力紧密联系在一起。
该研究利用了2006年、2009年和2011年从莫桑比克农村地区1552名女性那里收集的基于人口的纵向调查数据。我们使用多变量回归来调查结婚年份是否能预测是否处于彩礼婚姻中，以及彩礼状况是否能预测婚姻解体、女性的决策自主权、女性在维持生计农业之外的工作情况或现代避孕措施的使用情况。
涉及支付彩礼的婚姻比例随时间有所下降。虽然在女性自主权水平或现代避孕措施使用方面，彩礼状况并无差异，但在扣除其他因素后，处于彩礼婚姻中的女性在五年内离婚的可能性较小，且从事维持生计农业之外工作的可能性也较小。
这些发现反映了婚姻制度现代化的复杂性。随着彩礼婚姻的减少，其意义已经演变，越来越多地表明个人财富和地位，而非家庭控制权。
