Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.
Mol Immunol. 2021 Feb;130:55-63. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.007. Epub 2020 Dec 22.
The field of mucosal-associated invariant T cell (MAIT) biology has grown rapidly since the identification of the vitamin-B-based antigens recognised by these specialised T cells. Over the past few years, our understanding of the complexities of MAIT cell function has developed, as they find their place among the other better known cells of the immune system. Key questions relate to understanding when MAIT cells help, when they hinder or cause harm, and when they do not matter. Exploiting mouse strains that differ in MAIT cell numbers, leveraged by specific detection of MAIT cells using MR1-tetramers, it has now been shown that MAIT cells play important immune roles in settings that include bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune diseases and cancer. We have also learnt much about their development, modes of activation and response to commensal microbiota, and begun to try ways to manipulate MAIT cells to improve disease outcomes. Here we review recent studies that have assessed MAIT cells in models of disease.
黏膜相关恒定 T 细胞（MAIT）生物学领域自这些特殊 T 细胞识别的基于维生素 B 的抗原被鉴定以来，发展迅速。在过去的几年中，我们对 MAIT 细胞功能的复杂性的理解已经发展，因为它们在免疫系统中其他更为人熟知的细胞中找到了自己的位置。关键问题涉及理解 MAIT 细胞何时有益、何时有害或有害、何时无关紧要。利用 MAIT 细胞数量不同的小鼠品系，并利用 MR1-四聚体特异性检测 MAIT 细胞，现在已经表明 MAIT 细胞在包括细菌和病毒感染、自身免疫性疾病和癌症在内的各种情况下发挥重要的免疫作用。我们还了解了很多关于它们的发育、激活方式以及对共生微生物群的反应，并开始尝试操纵 MAIT 细胞以改善疾病结果。在这里，我们回顾了最近评估 MAIT 细胞在疾病模型中的研究。
