Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain.
Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 25;762:144169. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144169. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
Despite the growing interest in recreational boating and the increasing number of marinas along the world's coastlines, environmental knowledge of these ecosystems is still very scarce. Detailed data of pollutants in marinas are necessary to provide a global approach of environmental risks in the context of international management strategies. In the present study, a set of 64 variables (30 in seawater and 34 in sediments) were measured to compare marinas from the Southern Iberian Peninsula (SIP). Uni and multivariate analyses showed significant differences among marinas, evidencing the importance of management on a local scale. The most relevant variables determining these differences were turbidity and the biocide Irgarol 1051 in seawater, and granulometry, hydrocarbons and faecal coliforms in sediment. The use of normalization techniques with Al or Fe, and the suitability of different methodologies to measure Total Organic Matter in marinas were also discussed. Additionally, we perform a comprehensive literature review of worldwide marina stressors and develop a simple and straightforward method for assessing environmental quality. The method was tested using SIP marinas and was based on the comparison of 15 selected sediment stressors with background values, concentrations of worldwide sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), and reference conditions/security thresholds established by the programme of coastal waters in port areas (ROM 5.1). A global score was assigned using a new proposed index, Marinas Environmental Pollution Index (MEPI), ranging from 0 to 150 points according to the environmental quality (<90: bad, 90-120: moderate, >120: good). MEPI of marinas from SIP ranged from 60 to 110 points indicating bad or moderate levels of pollution. Environmental quality is one of the decisive factors for awarding eco-labels or eco-certifications, such as Blue Flags in marinas. Therefore, pollution baseline information and environmental tools are mandatory for correct assignation of these awards and necessary for assessing the efficiency of management actions.
尽管人们对休闲划船越来越感兴趣，世界各地的海岸线也越来越多的出现了码头，但这些生态系统的环境知识仍然非常匮乏。详细的污染物数据对于提供国际管理策略背景下的环境风险的全球方法是必要的。在本研究中，测量了一组 64 个变量（海水 30 个，沉积物 34 个），以比较来自伊比利亚半岛南部（SIP）的码头。单变量和多变量分析表明，码头之间存在显著差异，这证明了在地方层面进行管理的重要性。确定这些差异的最重要变量是海水浊度和杀生物剂 Irgarol 1051，以及沉积物中的粒度、碳氢化合物和粪便大肠菌群。还讨论了使用 Al 或 Fe 进行归一化技术的适用性，以及不同方法在测量码头中总有机物质时的适用性。此外，我们对全球范围内码头的胁迫因素进行了全面的文献综述，并开发了一种简单直接的方法来评估环境质量。该方法使用 SIP 码头进行了测试，该方法基于将 15 种选定的沉积物胁迫因素与背景值、全球沉积物质量指南 (SQGs) 的浓度以及港口地区沿海水域方案 (ROM 5.1) 建立的参考条件/安全阈值进行比较。根据环境质量（<90：差，90-120：中等，>120：好），使用新提出的指数“码头环境污染指数（MEPI）”分配了一个全球得分，范围从 0 到 150 分。SIP 码头的 MEPI 得分在 60 到 110 分之间，表明污染程度为差或中等。环境质量是授予生态标签或生态认证（如码头的蓝旗）的决定性因素之一。因此，污染基线信息和环境工具是正确授予这些奖项的必要条件，也是评估管理措施效率的必要条件。
