Stem Cell Medicine Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia.
School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia.
Development. 2020 Dec 24;147(24):dev189746. doi: 10.1242/dev.189746.
Retinal development and maturation are orchestrated by a series of interacting signalling networks that drive the morphogenetic transformation of the anterior developing brain. Studies in model organisms continue to elucidate these complex series of events. However, the human retina shows many differences from that of other organisms and the investigation of human eye development now benefits from stem cell-derived organoids. Retinal differentiation methods have progressed from simple 2D adherent cultures to self-organising micro-physiological systems. As models of development, these have collectively offered new insights into the previously unexplored early development of the human retina and informed our knowledge of the key cell fate decisions that govern the specification of light-sensitive photoreceptors. Although the developmental trajectories of other retinal cell types remain more elusive, the collation of omics datasets, combined with advanced culture methodology, will enable modelling of the intricate process of human retinogenesis and retinal disease .
视网膜的发育和成熟是由一系列相互作用的信号网络来调控的，这些信号网络驱动着前脑发育过程中的形态发生转化。在模式生物中的研究仍在不断阐明这些复杂的事件系列。然而，人类的视网膜与其他生物有许多不同之处，现在对人类眼睛发育的研究得益于干细胞衍生的类器官。视网膜分化方法已经从简单的二维贴壁培养发展到自组织的微生理系统。作为发育模型，这些方法共同为以前未探索过的人类视网膜早期发育提供了新的见解，并使我们了解了决定光敏感感光细胞特异性的关键细胞命运决定。尽管其他视网膜细胞类型的发育轨迹仍然更加难以捉摸，但组学数据集的整理，结合先进的培养方法，将使人类视网膜发生和视网膜疾病的复杂过程得以建模。
