The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK.
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Xenotransplantation. 2022 Sep;29(5):e12772. doi: 10.1111/xen.12772. Epub 2022 Aug 30.
For successful xenotransplantation, freedom of the xenocraft donor from certain viral infections that may harm the organ recipient is important. A novel human coronavirus (CoV) with a respiratory tropism, designated as SARS-CoV-2, was first identified in January 2020 in China, but likely has been circulating unnoticed for some time before. Since then, this virus has reached most inhabited areas, resulting in a major global pandemic which is still ongoing. Due to a high number of subclinical infections, re-infections, geographic differences in diagnostic tests used, and differences in result reporting programs, the percentage of the population infected with SARS-CoV-2 at least once has been challenging to estimate. With continuous ongoing infections in people and an overall high viral load, it makes sense to look into possible viral spillover events in pets and farm animals, who are often in close contact with humans. The pig is currently the main species considered for xenotransplantation and hence there is interest to know if pigs can become infected with SARS-CoV-2 and if so what the infection dynamics may look like. This review article summarizes the latest research findings on this topic. It would appear that pigs can currently be considered a low risk species, and hence do not pose an immediate risk to the human population or xenotransplantation recipients per se. Monitoring the ever-changing SARS-CoV-2 variants appears important to recognize immediately should this change in the future.
为了成功进行异种移植,供体必须没有某些可能危害器官接受者的病毒感染。一种新型的具有呼吸道趋向性的人类冠状病毒(CoV),被指定为 SARS-CoV-2,于 2020 年 1 月在中国首次被发现,但在此之前可能已经在不知不觉中传播了一段时间。自那时以来,这种病毒已经传播到了大多数有人居住的地区,导致了一场仍在持续的重大全球大流行。由于亚临床感染、再感染的数量较多,使用的诊断检测方法在地理上存在差异,以及结果报告程序存在差异,因此,至少感染过一次 SARS-CoV-2 的人口比例难以估计。由于人们持续不断的感染以及总体上高病毒载量,有必要研究宠物和农场动物中可能发生的病毒溢出事件,因为它们经常与人类密切接触。猪目前是异种移植的主要考虑物种,因此人们有兴趣了解猪是否会感染 SARS-CoV-2,如果感染,感染的动态可能是什么样的。这篇综述文章总结了这一主题的最新研究结果。目前似乎可以认为猪是一种低风险物种,因此本身不会对人类或异种移植接受者构成即时风险。监测不断变化的 SARS-CoV-2 变体似乎很重要,如果这种情况在未来发生变化,应立即识别。