Loma Linda University Medical Center, University of California, Riverside, California.
Division of Cardiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California.
Echocardiography. 2020 Dec;37(12):2185-2193. doi: 10.1111/echo.14511.
Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are the most common forms of acyanotic congenital heart disease accounting for 37% of congenital heart disease in children. A VSD is defined by parts of the ventricular septum involved. There are four major types of VSDs: perimembranous, muscular, outlet, and inlet VSDs. Echocardiography is the most important clinical tool to help diagnose and characterize a VSD. Although most VSDs are clinically nonsignificant or close on their own, echocardiography with Doppler and color flow mapping can be used to provide accurate anatomic and hemodynamic evaluation of VSDs in order to determine if surgical or transcatheter-based intervention is needed. Hence, understanding how to use echocardiography to characterize VSDs is of crucial importance when caring for patients with adult congenital heart disease.
室间隔缺损（VSDs）是最常见的非发绀性先天性心脏病，占儿童先天性心脏病的 37%。VSD 是根据室间隔受累的部位来定义的。有四种主要类型的 VSD：膜周部、肌部、流出道和流入道 VSD。超声心动图是帮助诊断和确定 VSD 的最重要的临床工具。尽管大多数 VSD 在临床上无明显意义或自行闭合，但超声心动图结合多普勒和彩色血流图可用于对 VSD 进行准确的解剖和血流动力学评估，以确定是否需要手术或经导管介入治疗。因此，在治疗成人先天性心脏病患者时，了解如何使用超声心动图来确定 VSD 的特征至关重要。
