Saiz Juan-Carlos
Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Pathogens. 2020 Dec 21;9(12):1073. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9121073.
West Nile virus (WNV) is a widely distributed enveloped flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes, which main hosts are birds. The virus sporadically infects equids and humans with serious economic and health consequences, as infected individuals can develop a severe neuroinvasive disease that can even lead to death. Nowadays, no WNV-specific therapy is available and vaccines are only licensed for use in horses but not for humans. While several methodologies for WNV vaccine development have been successfully applied and have contributed to significantly reducing its incidence in horses in the US, none have progressed to phase III clinical trials in humans. This review addresses the status of WNV vaccines for horses, birds, and humans, summarizing and discussing the challenges they face for their clinical advance and their introduction to the market.
西尼罗河病毒（WNV）是一种广泛分布的有包膜黄病毒，通过蚊子传播，其主要宿主是鸟类。该病毒偶尔感染马和人类，会造成严重的经济和健康后果，因为受感染个体可能会患上严重的神经侵袭性疾病，甚至导致死亡。目前，尚无针对西尼罗河病毒的特效疗法，疫苗仅被批准用于马匹，而未被批准用于人类。虽然几种西尼罗河病毒疫苗研发方法已成功应用，并显著降低了该病毒在美国马匹中的发病率，但尚无一种进入人类III期临床试验。本综述阐述了用于马匹、鸟类和人类的西尼罗河病毒疫苗的现状，总结并讨论了它们在临床进展和推向市场过程中面临的挑战。
