Hypervirulent and hypermucoviscous extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing and in Chile.

Convergence of virulence and antibiotic-resistance has been reported in , but not in . We, hereby, report the detection and genomic characterization of hypervirulent and hypermucoviscous and recovered in Chile from health-care associated infections, which displayed resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. One hundred forty-six complex isolates were screened by hypermucoviscosity by the "string test." Two hypermucoid isolates, one hypermucoviscous (hmKp) and one (hmKv), were further investigated by whole-genome sequencing. virulence was analyzed by the killing assay. analysis of hmKp UCO-494 and hmKv UCO-495 revealed the presence of multiple antibiotic-resistance genes, such as , and among others clinically relevant resistance determinants, including mutations in a two-component regulatory system related to colistin resistance. These genetic features confer a multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype in both strains. Moreover, virulome analysis confirmed the presence of the aerobactin gene , in addition to yersiniabactin and/or colicin V encoding genes, which are normally associated to high virulence in humans. Furthermore, both isolates were able to kill and displayed higher virulence in comparison with the control strain. In summary, the convergence of virulence and the MDR-phenotype in complex members is reported for the first time in Chile, denoting a clinical problem that deserves special attention and continuous surveillance in South America.