Wang Xiaolin, Gui Jingang
Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Beijing Pediatric Research Institute Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China.
Pediatr Investig. 2020 Dec 28;4(4):281-291. doi: 10.1002/ped4.12228. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses spread unscrupulously virtually every corner on the planet in a very quick speed leading to an unprecedented world pandemic of COVID-19 claiming a great many of people's life. Paramount importance has been given to the studies on the virus itself including genomic variation and viron structure, as well as cell entry pathway and tissue residence. Other than that, to learn the main characteristic of host immunity responding to SARS-CoV-2 infection is an eminent task for restraining virus and controlling disease progress. Beside antibody production in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, host cellular immunity plays an indispensable role in impeding virus replication and expansion at various stages of COVID-19 disease. In this review, we summarized the recent knowledge regarding the aberrant regulation and dysfunction of multiple immune cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection. This includes the dysregulation of immune cell number, Th polarity, cytokine storm they implicated with, as well as cell function exhaustion after chronic virus stimulation. Notwithstanding that many obstacles remain to be overcome, studies on immunotherapy for COVID-19 treatment based on the known features of host immunity in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection offer us tangible benefits and hope for making this SARS-CoV-2 pandemic under control.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）以极快的速度肆无忌惮地传播到地球上几乎每一个角落，导致了前所未有的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）全球大流行，夺走了许多人的生命。对该病毒本身的研究，包括基因组变异、病毒体结构、细胞进入途径和组织驻留等，已被赋予了至关重要的地位。除此之外，了解宿主免疫对SARS-CoV-2感染的主要特征是抑制病毒和控制疾病进展的一项重要任务。除了针对SARS-CoV-2感染产生抗体外，宿主细胞免疫在COVID-19疾病的各个阶段阻碍病毒复制和扩散中起着不可或缺的作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于SARS-CoV-2感染期间多种免疫细胞异常调节和功能障碍的最新知识。这包括免疫细胞数量的失调、Th极性、与之相关的细胞因子风暴，以及慢性病毒刺激后细胞功能耗竭。尽管仍有许多障碍有待克服，但基于宿主免疫对SARS-CoV-2感染的已知特征进行的COVID-19治疗免疫疗法研究为我们控制这场SARS-CoV-2大流行带来了切实的益处和希望。
