Medina-Enríquez Miriam Marlene, Lopez-León Sandra, Carlos-Escalante José Alberto, Aponte-Torres Zuleika, Cuapio Angelica, Wegman-Ostrosky Talia
Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA.
Cell Biosci. 2020 Dec 30;10(1):148. doi: 10.1186/s13578-020-00519-8.
The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the host functional receptor for the new virus SARS-CoV-2 causing Coronavirus Disease 2019. ACE2 is expressed in 72 different cell types. Some factors that can affect the expression of the ACE2 are: sex, environment, comorbidities, medications (e.g. anti-hypertensives) and its interaction with other genes of the renin-angiotensin system and other pathways. Different factors can affect the risk of infection of SARS-CoV-2 and determine the severity of the symptoms. The ACE2 enzyme is a negative regulator of RAS expressed in various organ systems. It is with immunity, inflammation, increased coagulopathy, and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we describe the genetic and molecular functions of the ACE2 receptor and its relation with the physiological and pathological conditions to better understand how this receptor is involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In addition, it reviews the different comorbidities that interact with SARS-CoV-2 in which also ACE2 plays an important role. It also describes the different factors that interact with the virus that have an influence in the expression and functional activities of the receptor. The goal is to provide the reader with an understanding of the complexity and importance of this receptor.
血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）是引发2019冠状病毒病的新型病毒SARS-CoV-2的宿主功能性受体。ACE2在72种不同的细胞类型中表达。一些可影响ACE2表达的因素包括：性别、环境、合并症、药物（如抗高血压药）及其与肾素-血管紧张素系统的其他基因和其他途径的相互作用。不同因素可影响SARS-CoV-2的感染风险并决定症状的严重程度。ACE2酶是在各种器官系统中表达的肾素-血管紧张素系统的负调节因子。它与免疫、炎症、凝血障碍增加和心血管疾病有关。在本综述中，我们描述了ACE2受体的遗传和分子功能及其与生理和病理状况的关系，以更好地了解该受体如何参与COVID-19的发病机制。此外，还综述了与SARS-CoV-2相互作用且ACE2也在其中发挥重要作用的不同合并症。还描述了与病毒相互作用且对受体的表达和功能活性有影响的不同因素。目的是让读者了解该受体的复杂性和重要性。
