Olsen Thomas, Sollie Ove, Nurk Eha, Turner Cheryl, Jernerén Fredrik, Ivy John L, Vinknes Kathrine J, Clauss Matthieu, Refsum Helga, Jensen Jørgen
Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Front Physiol. 2020 Dec 15;11:609335. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.609335. eCollection 2020.
Plasma and tissue sulfur amino acid (SAA) availability are crucial for intracellular methylation reactions and cellular antioxidant defense, which are important processes during exercise and in recovery. In this randomized, controlled crossover trial among eight elite male cyclists, we explored the effect of exhaustive exercise and post-exercise supplementation with carbohydrates and protein (CHO+PROT) vs. carbohydrates (CHO) on plasma and urine SAAs, a potential new marker of methylation capacity (methionine/total homocysteine ratio [Met/tHcy]) and related metabolites. The purpose of the study was to further explore the role of SAAs in exercise and recovery. Athletes cycled to exhaustion and consumed supplements immediately after and in 30 min intervals for 120 min post-exercise. After ~18 h recovery, performance was tested in a time trial in which the CHO+PROT group cycled 8.5% faster compared to the CHO group (41:53 ± 1:51 vs. 45:26 ± 1:32 min, < 0.05). Plasma methionine decreased by ~23% during exhaustive exercise. Two h post-exercise, further decline in methionine had occured by ~55% in the CHO group vs. ~33% in the CHO+PROT group (p × < 0.001). The Met/tHcy ratio decreased by ~33% during exhaustive exercise, and by ~54% in the CHO group vs. ~27% in the CHO+PROT group (p × < 0.001) post-exercise. Plasma cystathionine increased by ~72% in the CHO group and ~282% in the CHO+PROT group post-exercise (p × < 0.001). Plasma total cysteine, taurine and total glutathione increased by 12% ( = 0.03), 85% ( < 0.001) and 17% ( = 0.02), respectively during exhaustive exercise. Using publicly available transcriptomic data, we report upregulated transcript levels of skeletal muscle (log fold-change: 0.45, FDR:1.8) and log fold-change: 0.38, FDR: 3.4) after acute exercise. Our results show that exercise acutely lowers plasma methionine and the Met/tHcy ratio. This response was attenuated in the CHO+PROT compared to the CHO group in the early recovery phase potentially affecting methylation capacity and contributing to improved recovery.
血浆和组织中硫氨基酸（SAA）的可利用性对于细胞内甲基化反应和细胞抗氧化防御至关重要，而这在运动和恢复过程中是重要的生理过程。在这项针对八名精英男性自行车运动员的随机对照交叉试验中，我们探究了力竭运动以及运动后补充碳水化合物和蛋白质（CHO+PROT）与补充碳水化合物（CHO）对血浆和尿液中SAA、甲基化能力的潜在新标志物（蛋氨酸/总同型半胱氨酸比值[Met/tHcy]）及相关代谢产物的影响。本研究的目的是进一步探究SAA在运动和恢复中的作用。运动员骑行至力竭，运动后立即及之后每隔30分钟补充一次补充剂，共补充120分钟。经过约18小时的恢复后，在计时赛中测试运动表现，结果显示CHO+PROT组比CHO组快8.5%（41:53±1:51对45:26±1:32分钟，P<0.05）。力竭运动期间血浆蛋氨酸下降约23%。运动后2小时，CHO组蛋氨酸进一步下降约55%，而CHO+PROT组下降约33%（P<0.001）。运动后，Met/tHcy比值在力竭运动期间下降约33%，在CHO组下降约54%，而在CHO+PROT组下降约27%（P<0.001）。运动后，CHO组血浆胱硫醚增加约72%，CHO+PROT组增加约282%（P<0.001）。力竭运动期间，血浆总半胱氨酸、牛磺酸和总谷胱甘肽分别增加12%（P=0.03）、85%（P<0.001）和17%（P=0.02）。利用公开的转录组数据，我们报告了急性运动后骨骼肌[基因名称未给出]（对数变化倍数：0.45，错误发现率：1.8）和[另一基因名称未给出]（对数变化倍数：0.38，错误发现率：3.4）的转录水平上调。我们的结果表明，运动可使血浆蛋氨酸和Met/tHcy比值急性降低。在早期恢复阶段，与CHO组相比，CHO+PROT组的这种反应减弱，这可能会影响甲基化能力并有助于改善恢复情况。
