Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran; Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Environ Res. 2021 Mar;194:110692. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110692. Epub 2020 Dec 29.
The global crisis caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) affected economics, social affairs, and the environment, not to mention public health. It is estimated that near 82% of the SARS-CoV-2 genome is similar to the severe acute respiratory syndrome. The purpose of the review is to highlight how the virus is impacted by the environment and how the virus has impacted the environment. This review was based on an electronic search of the literature in the Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed database published from December 2019 to July 2020 using combinations of the following keywords: SARS-CoV-2 transmission, COVID-19 transmission, coronavirus transmission, waterborne, wastewater, airborne, solid waste, fomites, and fecal-oral transmission. Studies suggest the thermal properties of ambient air, as well as relative humidity, may affect the transmissibility and viability of the virus. Samples taken from the wastewater collection network were detected contaminated with the novel coronavirus; consequently, there is a concern of its transmission via an urban sewer system. There are concerns about the efficacy of the wastewater treatment plant disinfection process as the last chance to inactivate the virus. Handling solid waste also requires an utmost caution as it may contain infectious masks, etc. Following the PRISMA approach, among all reviewed studies, more than 36% of them were directly or indirectly related to the indoor and outdoor environment, 16% to meteorological factors, 11% to wastewater, 14% to fomites, 8% to water, 9% to solid waste, and 6% to the secondary environment. The still growing body of literature on COVID-19 and air, suggests the importance of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via air and indoor air quality, especially during lockdown interventions. Environmental conditions are found to be a factor in transmitting the virus beyond geographical borders. Accordingly, countries need to pay extra attention to sustainable development themes and goals.
由严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2，COVID-19）引起的全球危机不仅影响了公共卫生，还影响了经济和社会事务。据估计，SARS-CoV-2 基因组的近 82%与严重急性呼吸系统综合症相似。本综述的目的是强调病毒如何受环境影响，以及病毒如何影响环境。本综述基于对 Scopus、Science Direct 和 PubMed 数据库中从 2019 年 12 月至 2020 年 7 月发表的文献的电子检索，使用以下关键词的组合进行搜索：SARS-CoV-2 传播、COVID-19 传播、冠状病毒传播、水传播、废水传播、空气传播、固体废物传播、接触传播和粪口传播。研究表明，环境空气的热力特性以及相对湿度可能会影响病毒的传染性和生存能力。从废水收集网络采集的样本被检测出含有新型冠状病毒，因此，人们担心它会通过城市污水系统传播。人们还担心废水处理厂消毒过程的功效，因为这是最后一次灭活病毒的机会。处理固体废物也需要格外小心，因为它可能含有传染性口罩等物品。根据 PRISMA 方法，在所审查的研究中，超过 36%的研究直接或间接地与室内和室外环境有关，16%与气象因素有关，11%与废水有关，14%与接触传播有关，8%与水有关，9%与固体废物有关，6%与二次环境有关。COVID-19 与空气的相关文献不断增加，这表明 SARS-CoV-2 通过空气和室内空气质量传播的重要性，尤其是在封锁干预期间。研究发现，环境条件是跨越地理边界传播病毒的一个因素。因此，各国需要更加关注可持续发展主题和目标。
