Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
Division of Plant-Microbe Interaction, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Apr 10;764:144164. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144164. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
Soil salinization has become a major global agricultural issue that threatens sustainable development goals related to food security, agriculture, resource conservation, and nutrition. The higher levels of salinity have detrimental effects on soil physico-chemical and biological characteristics and plant metabolism. Also, salinity poses a negative impact on the abundance and distribution of soil microbes and soil-dwelling organisms. Research has always been trying to overcome the salinity issue, but it does not fit well in conventional approaches. This review unravels traditional and modern salinity management techniques. Out of the available salinity management techniques, some are focused on enhancing soil properties (chemical amendments, biochar, earthworms, and their vermicompost, compost, microbial inoculants, electro remediation), some focus on improving plant properties (seed priming, afforestation, crop selection, genetic improvements, agroforestry) and some techniques augment both soil as well as plant properties in a synergic manner. Therefore, it is imperative to find a conclusive solution by integrating traditional and modern methods to find the most effective response to regionally-specific salinity related problems. This review aimed at critical analysis of the salinity problems, its impact on agroecosystem, and different management approaches available to date with a balanced viewpoint that would help to draw a possible roadmap towards the future investigation in this domain for sustainable management of salinity issues around the globe.
土壤盐渍化已成为一个主要的全球性农业问题，威胁着与粮食安全、农业、资源保护和营养有关的可持续发展目标。较高的盐度对土壤理化和生物学特性以及植物代谢有不利影响。此外，盐度对土壤微生物和土壤生物的丰度和分布产生负面影响。研究人员一直在努力克服盐度问题，但传统方法并不适用。本综述揭示了传统和现代的盐度管理技术。在现有的盐度管理技术中，有些技术侧重于增强土壤特性（化学改良剂、生物炭、蚯蚓及其蚓粪、堆肥、微生物接种剂、电修复），有些技术侧重于改善植物特性（种子引发、造林、作物选择、遗传改良、农林复合经营），有些技术则以协同的方式增强土壤和植物的特性。因此，通过整合传统和现代方法找到一个结论性的解决方案来找到针对特定地区的最有效应对盐度相关问题的方法是当务之急。本综述旨在对盐度问题、它对农业生态系统的影响以及迄今为止可用的不同管理方法进行批判性分析，并从一个平衡的观点出发，这将有助于为未来在这个领域的研究绘制出一条可能的路线图，以实现全球范围内对盐度问题的可持续管理。
