Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Cereb Cortex. 2021 Mar 31;31(5):2653-2669. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa381.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) that may impact brain maturation. A number of studies have examined cortical gyrification morphology in both NDDs. Here we review and when possible pool their results to better understand the shared and potentially disorder-specific gyrification features. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases, and 24 and 10 studies met the criteria to be included in the systematic review and meta-analysis portions, respectively. Meta-analysis of local Gyrification Index (lGI) findings across ASD studies was conducted with SDM software adapted for surface-based morphometry studies. Meta-regressions were used to explore effects of age, sex, and sample size on gyrification differences. There were no significant differences in gyrification across groups. Qualitative synthesis of remaining ASD studies highlighted heterogeneity in findings. Large-scale ADHD studies reported no differences in gyrification between cases and controls suggesting that, similar to ASD, there is currently no evidence of differences in gyrification morphology compared with controls. Larger, longitudinal studies are needed to further clarify the effects of age, sex, and IQ on cortical gyrification in these NDDs.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是常见的神经发育障碍（NDD），可能会影响大脑成熟。许多研究已经检查了这两种 NDD 的皮质脑回形态。在这里，我们回顾并尽可能汇总它们的结果，以更好地了解共同的和可能具有疾病特异性的脑回特征。我们搜索了 MEDLINE、PsycINFO 和 EMBASE 数据库，分别有 24 项和 10 项研究符合纳入系统评价和荟萃分析部分的标准。使用适用于基于表面形态计量学研究的 SDM 软件对 ASD 研究中的局部脑回指数（lGI）发现进行荟萃分析。采用元回归来探索脑回差异与年龄、性别和样本量的关系。各研究组之间的脑回形态没有显著差异。对其余 ASD 研究的定性综合表明，研究结果存在异质性。大型 ADHD 研究报告称，病例组和对照组之间的脑回形态没有差异，这表明与 ASD 类似，与对照组相比，目前没有证据表明 ADHD 在脑回形态上存在差异。需要更大规模的纵向研究来进一步阐明年龄、性别和智商对这些 NDD 皮质脑回形态的影响。
