University Center of Geriatrics, University of Antwerp, Leopoldstraat 26, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.
First Line and Interdisciplinary Care Medicine, ELIZA, University of Antwerp, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
Eur Geriatr Med. 2021 Feb;12(1):45-59. doi: 10.1007/s41999-020-00433-9. Epub 2021 Jan 2.
In 2018, the SARCUS working group published a first article on the standardization of the use of ultrasound to assess muscle. Recommendations were made for patient positioning, system settings and components to be measured. Also, shortcomings in knowledge were mentioned. An important issue that still required standardization was the definition of anatomical landmarks for many muscles.
A systematic search was performed in Medline, SCOPUS and Web of Sciences looking for all articles describing the use of ultrasound in the assessment of muscle not described in the first recommendations, published from 01/01/2018 until 31/01/2020. All relevant terms used for older people, ultrasound and muscles were used.
For 39 muscles, different approaches for ultrasound assessment were found that likely impact the values measured. Standardized anatomical landmarks and measuring points were proposed for all muscles/muscle groups. Besides the five already known muscle parameters (muscle thickness, cross-section area, pennation angle, fascicle length and echo-intensity), four new parameters are discussed (muscle volume, stiffness, contraction potential and microcirculation). The former SARCUS article recommendations are updated with this new information that includes new muscle groups.
The emerging field of ultrasound assessment of muscle mass only highlights the need for a standardization of measurement technique. In this article, guidelines are updated and broadened to provide standardization instructions for a large number of muscles.
2018 年，SARCUS 工作组发表了第一篇关于使用超声评估肌肉的标准化文章。该文章提出了有关患者体位、系统设置和要测量的组件的建议。此外，还提到了知识方面的不足。仍需要标准化的一个重要问题是为许多肌肉定义解剖学标志。
在 Medline、SCOPUS 和 Web of Sciences 中进行了系统搜索，查找所有描述 2018 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 1 月 31 日期间发表的未在第一份建议中描述的超声评估肌肉的使用情况的文章。使用了所有与老年人、超声和肌肉相关的术语。
发现 39 块肌肉的超声评估方法不同，这可能会影响测量值。为所有肌肉/肌肉群提出了标准化的解剖学标志和测量点。除了已经知道的五个肌肉参数（肌肉厚度、横截面积、羽状角、肌束长度和回声强度）外，还讨论了四个新的参数（肌肉体积、硬度、收缩潜能和微循环）。之前的 SARCUS 文章建议根据新信息进行了更新，包括新的肌肉群。
肌肉质量超声评估这一新兴领域突出了测量技术标准化的必要性。在本文中，更新和扩展了指南，为大量肌肉提供了标准化的说明。
