Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 95251, USA.
Psychol Res. 2021 Nov;85(8):3040-3047. doi: 10.1007/s00426-020-01453-7. Epub 2021 Jan 3.
How do we compare the difficulty of different kinds of tasks, and how we do sequence tasks of different kinds when the basis for the ordering is the tasks' difficulty levels? The ability to do these things requires a common currency, but the identity of that currency, if it exists, is unknown. We hypothesized that people may believe that the time that attention is paid to tasks enables people to compare and sequence tasks of different kinds. To evaluate this hypothesis, we tested three groups of participants. One group estimated the proportion of time that performance of a task requires attention-what we called attention time proportions or ATPs. We obtained ATPs for tasks that were "more intellectual" (counting) and others that were "more physical" (locomotion). Two additional groups made 2-alternative-forced-choice decisions about the relative ease and preferred sequencing of all possible pairs of tasks for which ATPs were independently obtained. We found that ATPs predicted judgments of task difficulty and preferred task order.
我们如何比较不同类型任务的难度,以及当排序的基础是任务的难度级别时,我们如何对不同类型的任务进行排序?要做到这些事情,需要一种通用货币,但如果存在这种货币,其身份尚不清楚。我们假设,人们可能认为注意力分配给任务的时间可以使人们比较和排序不同类型的任务。为了评估这个假设,我们测试了三组参与者。一组参与者估计执行任务所需的注意力比例——我们称之为注意力时间比例或 ATP。我们获得了“更具智力”(计数)和“更具体力”(运动)任务的 ATP。另外两组参与者对所有可能的任务对进行了 2 项选择强制选择决策,这些任务对的 ATP 是独立获得的。我们发现,ATP 可以预测任务难度和首选任务顺序的判断。