Fernández-Cao Marián López, Camilli-Trujillo Celia, Fernández-Escudero Laura
Department of Languages, Arts and Physical Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Research and Psychology in Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 18;11:568948. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568948. eCollection 2020.
Artistic images, of a universal nature and validated by global culture, are carriers of an emotional potential that can be used for therapeutic purposes in cultural centers as well as in clinical spaces. Esthetic studies reveal the mobilizing power in their contemplation and the capacity to bring out personal stories with healing potential. The general objective of this paper is to design and validate the PROJECTA instrument, consisting of the therapeutic use of artistic images to approach trauma or difficult conditions in therapy, by means of the association between art images and emotions, feelings or states of mind related with a traumatic experience. A mixed approach of investigation with a concurrent triangulation design has been used for the integration of qualitative and quantitative results, where qualitative research outweighs quantitative, but both have been QUAL → quan sequentially developed. The study was carried out in two phases. The first was a systematic review of the literature. The second, divided into five steps, consisted of the validation of artworks and the associated emotions with the participation of students, experts in art therapy, psychologists and educators through focus groups, interviews and an online questionnaire. The analysis techniques were qualitative and quantitative. A set of 220 artistic images linked to emotional states were proposed by experts in education, psychology and art therapy, and validated through an online questionnaire. The respondents included 228 students and professionals and for 64.55% of these images a consensus of over 80% was obtained. These images and their associated emotions were again reviewed by a confirmatory focus group. Finally, 92 artistic works were linked to primary, secondary and tertiary emotions such as love, joy, victory, surprise, balance, sense of humor, anger, sadness, fear, and emptiness. In addition, there are mobilizing images that have not been related to any emotion because of the polysemy of their meanings. It concludes that PROJECTA is a visual art therapy tool that provides professionals with a resource that helps facilitate the identification, expression or demonstration of emotions or feelings related with trauma, and in challenging situations of vulnerability, psychological discomfort or post-traumatic stress.
具有普遍性质并得到全球文化认可的艺术图像，是一种情感潜能的载体，可在文化中心以及临床场所用于治疗目的。美学研究揭示了观赏艺术图像时的激发力量以及挖掘具有治愈潜能个人故事的能力。本文的总体目标是设计并验证PROJECTA工具，该工具通过艺术图像与与创伤经历相关的情感、感觉或心理状态之间的关联，将艺术图像用于治疗，以处理治疗中的创伤或困难状况。采用了一种混合研究方法，运用并行三角测量设计来整合定性和定量结果，其中定性研究比重大于定量研究，但两者都是按定性→定量的顺序依次开展。该研究分两个阶段进行。第一阶段是对文献进行系统综述。第二阶段分为五个步骤，包括在学生、艺术治疗专家、心理学家和教育工作者的参与下，通过焦点小组、访谈和在线问卷对艺术作品及其相关情感进行验证。分析技术包括定性和定量分析。教育、心理学和艺术治疗领域的专家提出了一组220幅与情绪状态相关的艺术图像，并通过在线问卷进行了验证。受访者包括228名学生和专业人士，对于其中64.55%的图像，获得了超过80%的共识。这些图像及其相关情感再次由一个验证性焦点小组进行了审查。最后，92件艺术作品与诸如爱、喜悦、胜利、惊讶、平衡、幽默感、愤怒、悲伤、恐惧和空虚等主要、次要和三级情感相关联。此外，还有一些激发性图像，由于其含义的多义性，尚未与任何情感相关联。研究得出结论，PROJECTA是一种视觉艺术治疗工具，为专业人员提供了一种资源，有助于促进识别、表达或展示与创伤相关的情感或感觉，以及在易受伤害、心理不适或创伤后应激的挑战性情况下的情感或感觉。
