Knapp J A, Hazuda H P, Haffner S M, Young E A, Stern M P
Department of Community Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1988 Feb;88(2):172-7.
Avoidance of saturated fat and cholesterol by 1,210 Mexican Americans and 866 non-Hispanic whites was assessed as part of a population-based survey of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors. Participants ranged in age from 25 to 64 years and resided in three socioeconomically distinct neighborhoods of San Antonio, TX: low income, middle income, and upper income. A scale was constructed to assess the degree to which individuals avoided six dietary sources of saturated fat and cholesterol. Women of both ethnic groups were found to avoid saturated fat and cholesterol to a greater degree than men, scoring higher on five of the six components of the scale. Saturated fat/cholesterol avoidance increased significantly with increased socioeconomic status in both ethnic groups. Although there were no ethnic differences in overall saturated fat/cholesterol avoidance, more non-Hispanic whites recognized milk, eggs, and visible fat on meat as food sources to avoid. The scale described in this paper provides useful information about the specific food components recognized as dietary sources of saturated fat and cholesterol and helps identify those population groups that would benefit from nutrition education programs. Because of its simplicity and ease of administration, the scale may be a useful tool in epidemiological research.
作为一项基于人群的糖尿病和心血管危险因素调查的一部分，对1210名墨西哥裔美国人及866名非西班牙裔白人避免摄入饱和脂肪和胆固醇的情况进行了评估。参与者年龄在25至64岁之间，居住在得克萨斯州圣安东尼奥市三个社会经济状况不同的社区：低收入、中等收入和高收入社区。构建了一个量表来评估个体避免六种饱和脂肪和胆固醇膳食来源的程度。结果发现，两个种族群体的女性比男性更能避免摄入饱和脂肪和胆固醇，在量表的六个组成部分中的五个部分得分更高。在两个种族群体中，随着社会经济地位的提高，饱和脂肪/胆固醇的避免程度显著增加。尽管在总体饱和脂肪/胆固醇的避免方面没有种族差异，但更多的非西班牙裔白人认识到牛奶、鸡蛋和肉类上可见的脂肪是应避免的食物来源。本文所述的量表提供了有关被视为饱和脂肪和胆固醇膳食来源的特定食物成分的有用信息，并有助于确定那些将从营养教育计划中受益的人群。由于其简单性和易于实施，该量表可能是流行病学研究中的一个有用工具。
