Kuramae Eiko E, Dimitrov Mauricio R, da Silva Gustavo H R, Lucheta Adriano R, Mendes Lucas W, Luz Ronildson L, Vet Louise E M, Fernandes Tania V
Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Microorganisms. 2020 Dec 30;9(1):75. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9010075.
Wastewater is considered a renewable resource water and energy. An advantage of decentralized sanitation systems is the separation of the blackwater (BW) stream, contaminated with human pathogens, from the remaining household water. However, the composition and functions of the microbial community in BW are not known. In this study, we used shotgun metagenomics to assess the dynamics of microbial community structure and function throughout a new BW anaerobic digestion system installed at The Netherlands Institute of Ecology. Samples from the influent (BW), primary effluent (anaerobic digested BW), sludge and final effluent of the pilot upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and microalgae pilot tubular photobioreactor (PBR) were analyzed. Our results showed a decrease in microbial richness and diversity followed by a decrease in functional complexity and co-occurrence along the different modules of the bioreactor. The microbial diversity and function decrease were reflected both changes in substrate composition and wash conditions. Our wastewater treatment system also decreased microbial functions related to pathogenesis. In summary, the new sanitation system studied here fosters microbial groups and functions that allow the system to efficiently and robustly recover carbon and nutrients while reducing pathogenic groups, ultimately generating a final effluent safe for discharge and reuse.
废水被视为一种可再生的资源水和能源。分散式卫生系统的一个优点是将受人类病原体污染的黑水（BW）流与其余家庭用水分离。然而，黑水微生物群落的组成和功能尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们使用鸟枪法宏基因组学来评估荷兰生态研究所安装的新型黑水厌氧消化系统中微生物群落结构和功能的动态变化。对中试上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器和微藻中试管状光生物反应器（PBR）的进水（BW）、一级出水（厌氧消化后的BW）、污泥和最终出水样本进行了分析。我们的结果表明，沿着生物反应器的不同模块，微生物丰富度和多样性降低，随后功能复杂性和共现性也降低。微生物多样性和功能的降低反映在底物组成和冲洗条件的变化上。我们的废水处理系统还降低了与致病作用相关的微生物功能。总之，这里研究的新型卫生系统促进了微生物群和功能，使系统能够有效且稳健地回收碳和养分，同时减少致病菌群，最终产生安全排放和再利用的最终出水。
