Oh Yeonsoo, Do Ha Thi Thu, Kim Sunyoung, Kim Young-Mi, Chin Young-Won, Cho Jungsook
College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro 32, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Korea.
College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Dec 30;10(1):34. doi: 10.3390/antiox10010034.
Mangosteen has long been utilized as a traditional medicine in Southeast Asia. Diverse extracts of mangosteen pericarp and its bioactive xanthones exhibit various bioactivities. However, the pharmacological potential of mangosteen pericarp water extract (MPW) has not been reported yet. This study used primary cultured rat cortical cells to investigate the effect of MPW on neurotoxicity. We found that MPW inhibited neurotoxicity and production of reactive oxygen species triggered by Aβ or excitatory amino acids. MPW inhibited caspase 3 activation and DNA fragmentation in Aβ- or N-methyl-D-aspartate-treated cells, suggesting an anti-apoptotic action. Additionally, MPW reduced lipid peroxidation and scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, assuring its antioxidant property. Furthermore, MPW suppressed β-secretase and acetylcholinesterase activities. These findings prompted us to evaluate its effect on memory dysfunction in scopolamine-treated mice using Morris water maze test. Oral administration of MPW at the dosage of 50, 100, or 300 mg/kg for four days significantly decreased the latency time to find the platform and markedly increased the swimming time in the target quadrant. Taken together, our results suggest that MPW exerts memory-enhancing effect through antioxidative neuroprotection and anti-apoptotic action. Accordingly, MPW may have a potential to prevent or treat memory impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease.
山竹在东南亚长期以来一直被用作传统药物。山竹果皮的各种提取物及其生物活性氧杂蒽酮具有多种生物活性。然而，山竹果皮水提取物（MPW）的药理潜力尚未见报道。本研究使用原代培养的大鼠皮质细胞来研究MPW对神经毒性的影响。我们发现MPW可抑制由Aβ或兴奋性氨基酸引发的神经毒性和活性氧的产生。MPW可抑制Aβ或N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸处理的细胞中半胱天冬酶3的激活和DNA片段化，提示其具有抗凋亡作用。此外，MPW可降低脂质过氧化并清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基，证实其具有抗氧化特性。此外，MPW可抑制β-分泌酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性。这些发现促使我们使用Morris水迷宫试验评估其对东莨菪碱处理小鼠记忆功能障碍的影响。以50、100或300mg/kg的剂量口服MPW四天，可显著缩短找到平台的潜伏期，并显著增加在目标象限的游泳时间。综上所述，我们的结果表明MPW通过抗氧化神经保护和抗凋亡作用发挥记忆增强作用。因此，MPW可能具有预防或治疗与阿尔茨海默病相关的记忆损害的潜力。
