Albuquerque Bianca R, Dias Maria Inês, Pinela José, Calhelha Ricardo C, Pires Tânia C S P, Alves Maria José, Corrêa Rúbia C G, Ferreira Isabel C F R, Oliveira Maria Beatriz P P, Barros Lillian
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
Foods. 2023 Feb 26;12(5):994. doi: 10.3390/foods12050994.
The industrial processing of mangosteen ( L.) generates high amounts of waste, as ~60% of the fruit is formed by an inedible pericarp. However, its pericarp has been explored as a source of xanthones; nevertheless, studies addressing the recovery of other chemical compounds from such biomass are still scarce. Hence, this study intended to elucidate the chemical composition of the mangosteen pericarp, including fat-soluble (tocopherols and fatty acids) and water-soluble (organic acids and phenolic compound non-xanthones) compounds present in the following extracts: hydroethanolic (MT80), ethanolic (MTE), and aqueous (MTW). In addition, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antibacterial potentials of the extracts were assessed. The mangosteen pericarp showed a composition with seven organic acids, three tocopherol isomers, four fatty acids and fifteen phenolic compounds. Regarding the extraction of phenolics, the MT80 was the most efficient (54 mg/g extract), followed by MTE (19.79 mg/g extract) and MTW (4.011 mg/g extract). All extracts showed antioxidant and antibacterial activities; however, MT80 and MTE extracts were more efficient than MTW. Only MTW did not show anti-inflammatory properties, whereas MTE and MT80 showed inhibitory activities towards tumor cell lines. Notwithstanding, MTE showed cytotoxicity towards normal cells. Our findings support the idea that the ripe mangosteen pericarp is a source of bioactive compounds, although their recovery is dependent on the extraction solvent.
山竹（莽吉柿）的工业加工会产生大量废弃物，因为约60%的果实是由不可食用的果皮构成。然而，其果皮已被探索作为氧杂蒽酮的来源；尽管如此，针对从这种生物质中回收其他化合物的研究仍然很少。因此，本研究旨在阐明山竹果皮的化学成分，包括以下提取物中存在的脂溶性（生育酚和脂肪酸）和水溶性（有机酸和非氧杂蒽酮类酚类化合物）化合物：氢乙醇提取物（MT80）、乙醇提取物（MTE）和水提取物（MTW）。此外，还评估了提取物的抗氧化、抗炎、抗增殖和抗菌潜力。山竹果皮含有七种有机酸、三种生育酚异构体、四种脂肪酸和十五种酚类化合物。关于酚类化合物的提取，MT80最有效（54毫克/克提取物），其次是MTE（19.79毫克/克提取物）和MTW（4.011毫克/克提取物）。所有提取物均表现出抗氧化和抗菌活性；然而，MT80和MTE提取物比MTW更有效。只有MTW没有抗炎特性，而MTE和MT80对肿瘤细胞系表现出抑制活性。尽管如此，MTE对正常细胞具有细胞毒性。我们的研究结果支持这样一种观点，即成熟的山竹果皮是生物活性化合物的来源，尽管它们的回收取决于提取溶剂。
