Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2021 Feb 26;87(6). doi: 10.1128/AEM.01468-20.
Little is known about the drivers of critically important antibacterial resistance in species with zoonotic potential present on farms (e.g., CTX-M β-lactamase-positive ). We collected samples monthly between January 2017 and December 2018 on 53 dairy farms in South West England, along with data for 610 variables concerning antibacterial usage, management practices, and meteorological factors. We detected resistant to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and tetracycline in 2,754/4,145 (66%), 263/4,145 (6%), 1,475/4,145 (36%), and 2,874/4,145 (69%), respectively, of samples from fecally contaminated on-farm and near-farm sites. positive for were detected in 224/4,145 (5.4%) of samples. Multilevel, multivariable logistic regression showed antibacterial dry cow therapeutic choice (including use of cefquinome or framycetin) to be associated with higher odds of positivity. Low average monthly ambient temperature was associated with lower odds of positivity in samples and with lower odds of finding resistant to each of the four test antibacterials. This was in addition to the effect of temperature on total density. Furthermore, samples collected close to calves had higher odds of having resistant to each antibacterial, as well as positive for Samples collected on pastureland had lower odds of having resistant to amoxicillin or tetracycline, as well as lower odds of being positive for Antibacterial resistance poses a significant threat to human and animal health and global food security. Surveillance for resistance on farms is important for many reasons, including tracking impacts of interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence of resistance. In this longitudinal survey of dairy farm antibacterial resistance, we showed that local temperature-as it changes over the course of a year-was associated with the prevalence of antibacterial-resistant We also showed that prevalence of resistant was lower on pastureland and higher in environments inhabited by young animals. These findings have profound implications for routine surveillance and for surveys carried out for research. They provide important evidence that sampling at a single time point and/or single location on a farm is unlikely to be adequate to accurately determine the status of the farm regarding the presence of samples containing resistant .
关于具有动物源性的重要抗菌药物耐药性的驱动因素知之甚少，这些物种存在于农场（例如产 CTX-M 型β-内酰胺酶的 ）。2017 年 1 月至 2018 年 12 月，我们在英格兰西南部的 53 个奶牛场每月采集一次样本，并收集了 610 个与抗菌药物使用、管理实践和气象因素有关的变量的数据。我们在来自农场和农场附近粪便污染地点的 4,145 份样本中分别检测到 2,754/4,145（66%）、263/4,145（6%）、1,475/4,145（36%）和 2,874/4,145（69%）对阿莫西林、环丙沙星、链霉素和四环素的耐药性，在 4,145 份样本中检测到 阳性的有 224/4,145（5.4%）。多水平、多变量逻辑回归显示，干奶牛治疗性抗菌药物选择（包括使用头孢喹肟或壮观霉素）与更高的 阳性检出率相关。平均月环境温度较低与样本中 阳性检出率较低以及与四种检测抗菌药物的耐药性较低有关。这除了温度对总 密度的影响之外。此外，靠近小牛的样本中，每种抗菌药物耐药的可能性更高，而对四种检测抗菌药物的阳性检出率也更高。在牧草地上采集的样本对阿莫西林或四环素的耐药性较低，对 阳性检出率也较低。抗菌药物耐药性对人类和动物健康以及全球粮食安全构成重大威胁。由于多种原因，对农场的耐药性进行监测非常重要，包括跟踪旨在降低耐药性流行率的干预措施的影响。在这项关于奶牛场抗菌药物耐药性的纵向调查中，我们表明，随着时间的推移，当地温度的变化与抗菌药物耐药的流行率有关。我们还表明，在牧草地上的耐药性较低，在年幼动物居住的环境中较高。这些发现对常规监测和为研究而进行的调查具有深远的意义。它们提供了重要的证据，表明在农场的一个时间点和/或一个地点进行采样不太可能足以准确确定农场对含有耐药 的样本的存在情况。
